Rails / RSpec: How to test #initialize method?

问题

How can I specify #initialize behaviour with RSpec? For example here:

generator.rb

class Generator
  attr_accessor :seed

  def initialize(seed = nil)
    @seed = seed || pick_seed
  end

  def pick_seed
    Time.now.to_i
  end
end

generator_spec.rb

require 'generator'

describe Generator

  it "calls 'pick_seed' method unless seed specified" do
  end

end

I'd like to set expectation that pick_seed method called from #initialize method.

回答1:

For me, expectations are about designing conversations among collaborators. So, you have to decide - is #pick_seed an internal implementation detail or part of a collaborating role's interface?

If pick_seed is an implementation detail, an expectation is the wrong tool for the job. And, since you have an accessor for seed, you can proceed thusly (notice the one-assertion-per-example):

class Generator
  attr_accessor :seed

  def initialize(seed = nil)
    @seed = seed || pick_seed
  end

  def pick_seed
    Time.now.to_i
  end
end

describe Generator do
  context "creating" do 
    context "when a seed is specified" do
      it "uses that seed" do
        seed = 123
        generator = Generator.new(seed)
        generator.seed.should == seed
      end
    end
    context "when a seed is not specified" do
      it "creates its own seed" do
        generator = Generator.new
        generator.seed.should_not be_nil
      end
    end
  end
end

OTOH, if picking the seed is part of the "seed picker" role, then mocks are valuable in designing the seed picker, and dependency injection is a standard method of assigning the roles. You could write something like:

class GeneratorWithCollaborator
  attr_accessor :seed

  def initialize(seed = nil, seed_picker = self)
    @seed = seed || seed_picker.pick_seed
  end

  def pick_seed
    Time.now.to_i
  end
end

describe GeneratorWithCollaborator do
  context "creating" do
    context "when a seed is specified" do
      it "uses that seed" do
        seed = 123
        seed_picker = double('seed picker')
        seed_picker.should_not_receive(:pick_seed)
        generator = GeneratorWithCollaborator.new(seed, seed_picker)
        generator.pick_seed
      end
    end

    context "when a seed is not specified" do
      it "delegates to its seed picker" do
        seed_picker = double('seed picker')
        seed_picker.should_receive(:pick_seed)
        generator = GeneratorWithCollaborator.new(nil, seed_picker)
      end
    end
  end
end

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4530440/rails-rspec-how-to-test-initialize-method