Python equivalent of which() in R

问题

I am trying to take the following R statement and convert it to Python using NumPy:

1 + apply(tmp,1,function(x) length(which(x[1:k] < x[k+1])))

Is there a Python equivalent to which()? Here, x is row in matrix tmp, and k corresponds to the number of columns in another matrix.

Previously, I tried the following Python code, and received a Value Error (operands could not be broadcast together with shapes):

for row in tmp:
        print np.where(tmp[tmp[:,range(k)] < tmp[:,k]])

回答1:

The Python code below answers my question:

np.array([1 + np.sum(row[range(k)] < row[k]) for row in tmp])

Here tmp is a 2d array, and k is a variable which was set for column comparison.

Thanks to https://stackoverflow.com/users/601095/doboy for inspiring me with the answer!

回答2:

    >>> which = lambda lst:list(np.where(lst)[0])

    Example:
    >>> lst = map(lambda x:x<5, range(10))
    >>> lst
    [True, True, True, True, True, False, False, False, False, False]
    >>> which(lst)
    [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

回答3:

From http://effbot.org/zone/python-list.htm:

To get the index for all matching items, you can use a loop, and pass in a start index:

i = -1
try:
    while 1:
        i = L.index(value, i+1)
        print "match at", i
except ValueError:
    pass

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12207014/python-equivalent-of-which-in-r