Need help with sql query to find things tagged with all specified tags

问题

Let's say I have the following tables:

POSTS

id: integer
body: text

TAGGINGS

id: integer
tag_id: integer
post_id: integer

How would I go about writing a query that select all posts that are tagged with ALL of the following tags (name attribute of tags table): "Cheese", "Wine", "Paris", "Frace", "City", "Scenic", "Art"

See also: Need help with sql query to find things with most specified tags (note: similar, but not a duplicate!)

回答1:

Using IN:

SELECT p.*
  FROM POSTS p
 WHERE p.id IN (SELECT tg.post_id
                  FROM TAGGINGS tg
                  JOIN TAGS t ON t.id = tg.tag_id
                 WHERE t.name IN ('Cheese','Wine','Paris','Frace','City','Scenic','Art')
              GROUP BY tg.post_id
                HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT t.name) = 7)

Using a JOIN

SELECT p.*
  FROM POSTS p
  JOIN (SELECT tg.post_id
          FROM TAGGINGS tg
          JOIN TAGS t ON t.id = tg.tag_id
         WHERE t.name IN ('Cheese','Wine','Paris','Frace','City','Scenic','Art')
      GROUP BY tg.post_id
        HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT t.name) = 7) x ON x.post_id = p.id

Using EXISTS

SELECT p.*
  FROM POSTS p
 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT NULL
                 FROM TAGGINGS tg
                 JOIN TAGS t ON t.id = tg.tag_id
                WHERE t.name IN ('Cheese','Wine','Paris','Frace','City','Scenic','Art')
                  AND tg.post_id = p.id
             GROUP BY tg.post_id
               HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT t.name) = 7)

Explanation

The crux of things is that the COUNT(DISTINCT t.name) needs to match the number of tag names to ensure that all those tags are related to the post. Without the DISTINCT, there's a risk that duplicates of one of the names could return a count of 7--so you'd have a false positive.

Performance

Most will tell you the JOIN is optimal, but JOINs also risk duplicating rows in the resultset. EXISTS would be my next choice--no duplicate risk, and generally faster execution but checking the explain plan will ultimately tell you what's best based on your setup and data.

回答2:

Try this:

Select * From Posts p
   Where Not Exists
       (Select * From tags t
        Where name in 
           ('Cheese', 'Wine', 'Paris', 
             'Frace', 'City', 'Scenic', 'Art')
           And Not Exists
             (Select * From taggings
              Where tag_id = t.Tag_Id
                And post_Id = p.Post_Id))

Explanation: Asking for a list of those Posts that have had every one of a specified set of tags associated with it is equivilent to asking for those posts where there is no tag in that same specified set, that has not been associated with it. i.e., the sql above.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3876240/need-help-with-sql-query-to-find-things-tagged-with-all-specified-tags

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