How to write columns header to a csv file with Ruby?

问题

I am having trouble writing columns to a csv file with Ruby. Below is my snippet of code.

 calc = numerator/denominator.to_f
 data_out = "#{numerator}, #{denominator}, #{calc}"
 File.open('cdhu3_X.csv','a+') do|hdr|
      hdr << ["numerator","denominator","calculation\n"] #< column header
          hdr << "#{data_out}\n"
 end

The code adds the column headers to every line and I only need it at the top of each column of data. I have searched here and other places but can't find a clear answer to how its done. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

回答1:

I would recommend to use the CSV-library instead:

require 'csv'

CSV.open('test.csv','w', 
    :write_headers=> true,
    :headers => ["numerator","denominator","calculation"] #< column header
  ) do|hdr|
  1.upto(12){|numerator|
    1.upto(12){ |denominator|
      data_out = [numerator, denominator, numerator/denominator.to_f]
      hdr << data_out
    }
  }
end

If you can't use the w option and you really need the a+ (e.g., the data isn't available all at once), then you could try the following trick:

require 'csv'

column_header = ["numerator","denominator","calculation"]
1.upto(12){|numerator|
  1.upto(12){ |denominator|
    CSV.open('test.csv','a+', 
        :write_headers=> true,
        :headers => column_header
      ) do|hdr|
          column_header = nil #No header after first insertion
          data_out = [numerator, denominator, numerator/denominator.to_f]
          hdr << data_out
        end
  }
}

回答2:

The cleanest way to do this is to open the file once, in mode 'w', write the headers, and then write the data.

If there's some technical reason that can't do this (e.g., the data isn't available all at once), then you can use the IO#tell method on the file to return the current file position. When you open the file for appending, the position is set to the end of the file, so if the current file position is zero, then the file was newly created and has no headers:

File.open('cdhu3_X.csv', 'a+') do |hdr|
  if hdr.tell() == 0  # file is empty, so write header
    hdr << "numerator, denominator, calculation\n"
  end
  hdr << "#{data_out}\n"
end

回答3:

Best way to handle csv file is to use Ruby's CSV module.

I had same problem after reading CSV code I came across this solution which i find most efficient.

headers = ['col1','col2','col3']

CSV.open(file_path, 'a+', {force_quotes: true}) do |csv|
  csv << headers if csv.count.eql? 0 # csv.count method gives number of lines in file if zero insert headers
end

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15905985/how-to-write-columns-header-to-a-csv-file-with-ruby