问题
I thought I had a pretty simple goal in mind when I set out a day ago to implement a self-contained bearer auth webapi on .NET core 2.0, but I have yet to get anything remotely working. Here's a list of what I'm trying to do:
- Implement a bearer token protected webapi
- Issue tokens & refresh tokens from an endpoint in the same project
- Use the [Authorize] attribute to control access to api surface
- Not use ASP.Net Identity (I have much lighter weight user/membership reqs)
I'm totally fine with building identity/claims/principal in login and adding that to request context, but I've not seen a single example on how to issue and consume auth/refresh tokens in a Core 2.0 webapi without Identity. I've seen the 1.x MSDN example of cookies without Identity, but that didn't get me far enough in understanding to meet the requirements above.
I feel like this might be a common scenario and it shouldn't be this hard (maybe it's not, maybe just lack of documentation/examples?). As far as I can tell, IdentityServer4 is not compatible with Core 2.0 Auth, opendiddict seems to require Identity. I also don't want to host the token endpoint in a separate process, but within the same webapi instance.
Can anyone point me to a concrete example, or at least give some guidance as to what best steps/options are?
回答1:
Did an edit to make it compatible with ASP.NET Core 2.0.
Firstly, some Nuget packages:
- Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer
- Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity
- System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt
- System.Security.Cryptography.Csp
Then some basic data transfer objects.
// Presumably you will have an equivalent user account class with a user name.
public class User
{
public string UserName { get; set; }
}
public class JsonWebToken
{
public string access_token { get; set; }
public string token_type { get; set; } = "bearer";
public int expires_in { get; set; }
public string refresh_token { get; set; }
}
Getting into the proper functionality, you'll need a login/token web method to actually send the authorization token to the user.
[Route("api/token")]
public class TokenController : Controller
{
private ITokenProvider _tokenProvider;
public TokenController(ITokenProvider tokenProvider) // We'll create this later, don't worry.
{
_tokenProvider = tokenProvider;
}
public JsonWebToken Get([FromQuery] string grant_type, [FromQuery] string username, [FromQuery] string password, [FromQuery] string refresh_token)
{
// Authenticate depending on the grant type.
User user = grant_type == "refresh_token" ? GetUserByToken(refresh_token) : GetUserByCredentials(username, password);
if (user == null)
throw new UnauthorizedAccessException("No!");
int ageInMinutes = 20; // However long you want...
DateTime expiry = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMinutes(ageInMinutes);
var token = new JsonWebToken {
access_token = _tokenProvider.CreateToken(user, expiry),
expires_in = ageInMinutes * 60
};
if (grant_type != "refresh_token")
token.refresh_token = GenerateRefreshToken(user);
return token;
}
private User GetUserByToken(string refreshToken)
{
// TODO: Check token against your database.
if (refreshToken == "test")
return new User { UserName = "test" };
return null;
}
private User GetUserByCredentials(string username, string password)
{
// TODO: Check username/password against your database.
if (username == password)
return new User { UserName = username };
return null;
}
private string GenerateRefreshToken(User user)
{
// TODO: Create and persist a refresh token.
return "test";
}
}
You probably noticed the token creation is still just "magic" passed through by some imaginary ITokenProvider. Define the token provider interface.
public interface ITokenProvider
{
string CreateToken(User user, DateTime expiry);
// TokenValidationParameters is from Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens
TokenValidationParameters GetValidationParameters();
}
I implemented the token creation with an RSA security key on a JWT. So...
public class RsaJwtTokenProvider : ITokenProvider
{
private RsaSecurityKey _key;
private string _algorithm;
private string _issuer;
private string _audience;
public RsaJwtTokenProvider(string issuer, string audience, string keyName)
{
var parameters = new CspParameters { KeyContainerName = keyName };
var provider = new RSACryptoServiceProvider(2048, parameters);
_key = new RsaSecurityKey(provider);
_algorithm = SecurityAlgorithms.RsaSha256Signature;
_issuer = issuer;
_audience = audience;
}
public string CreateToken(User user, DateTime expiry)
{
JwtSecurityTokenHandler tokenHandler = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler();
ClaimsIdentity identity = new ClaimsIdentity(new GenericIdentity(user.UserName, "jwt"));
// TODO: Add whatever claims the user may have...
SecurityToken token = tokenHandler.CreateJwtSecurityToken(new SecurityTokenDescriptor
{
Audience = _audience,
Issuer = _issuer,
SigningCredentials = new SigningCredentials(_key, _algorithm),
Expires = expiry.ToUniversalTime(),
Subject = identity
});
return tokenHandler.WriteToken(token);
}
public TokenValidationParameters GetValidationParameters()
{
return new TokenValidationParameters
{
IssuerSigningKey = _key,
ValidAudience = _audience,
ValidIssuer = _issuer,
ValidateLifetime = true,
ClockSkew = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0) // Identity and resource servers are the same.
};
}
}
So you're now generating tokens. Time to actually validate them and wire it up. Go to your Startup.cs.
In ConfigureServices()
var tokenProvider = new RsaJwtTokenProvider("issuer", "audience", "mykeyname");
services.AddSingleton<ITokenProvider>(tokenProvider);
services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddJwtBearer(options => {
options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
options.TokenValidationParameters = tokenProvider.GetValidationParameters();
});
// This is for the [Authorize] attributes.
services.AddAuthorization(auth => {
auth.DefaultPolicy = new AuthorizationPolicyBuilder()
.AddAuthenticationSchemes(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.RequireAuthenticatedUser()
.Build();
});
Then Configure()
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
app.UseAuthentication();
// Whatever else you're putting in here...
app.UseMvc();
}
That should be about all you need. Hopefully I haven't missed anything.
The happy result is...
[Authorize] // Yay!
[Route("api/values")]
public class ValuesController : Controller
{
// ...
}
回答2:
Following on @Mitch answer: Auth stack changed quite a bit moving to .NET Core 2.0. Answer below is just using the new implementation.
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
namespace JwtWithoutIdentity
{
public class Startup
{
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
{
Configuration = configuration;
}
public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddJwtBearer(cfg =>
{
cfg.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
cfg.SaveToken = true;
cfg.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters()
{
ValidIssuer = "me",
ValidAudience = "you",
IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("rlyaKithdrYVl6Z80ODU350md")) //Secret
};
});
services.AddMvc();
}
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseMvc();
}
}
}
Token Controller
using System;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using JwtWithoutIdentity.Models;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
namespace JwtWithoutIdentity.Controllers
{
public class TokenController : Controller
{
[AllowAnonymous]
[Route("api/token")]
[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Token(LoginViewModel model)
{
if (!ModelState.IsValid) return BadRequest("Token failed to generate");
var user = (model.Password == "password" && model.Username == "username");
if (!user) return Unauthorized();
//Add Claims
var claims = new[]
{
new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.UniqueName, "data"),
new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, "data"),
new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString()),
};
var key = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("rlyaKithdrYVl6Z80ODU350md")); //Secret
var creds = new SigningCredentials(key, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
var token = new JwtSecurityToken("me",
"you",
claims,
expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(30),
signingCredentials: creds);
return Ok(new JsonWebToken()
{
access_token = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token),
expires_in = 600000,
token_type = "bearer"
});
}
}
}
Values Controller
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
namespace JwtWithoutIdentity.Controllers
{
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class ValuesController : Controller
{
// GET api/values
[Authorize]
[HttpGet]
public IEnumerable<string> Get()
{
var name = User.Identity.Name;
var claims = User.Claims;
return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
}
}
}
Hope this helps!
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45715394/asp-net-core-2-0-bearer-auth-without-identity