How to create an object with private members using Object.create() instead of new

问题

EDIT: I figured it out from Bergi's answer in the end.

Thanks Bergi.

pubPrivExample = (function () {
    return {
        init : function () {
            var private;

            this.setPrivate = function (p) {
                private = p;
            };
            this.getPrivate = function () {
                return private;
            };
        },

        public : "This is public\n"
    };
}());

var a;

a = Object.create(pubPrivExample);
a.init();
a.setPrivate("This is private");

document.write(a.getPrivate());

EDIT: It seems the answers to my question are off at a tangent. I'm really not interested in a factory and actually would rather not use if. My question is about private state. From Bergi's answers and comments I think I can pull something together.

To be continued...

EDIT: Bergi has started to answer the question below, but left out the most important part - the private state.

I have had time to think about the idea more, but am still unable to achieve private state using Object.create() without some kind of factory. But I want to be wrong, and Bergi alluded to a solution... Feel free to take Bergi's answer as a starting point.

ORIGINAL: My quest to avoid new in javascript has lead me to a peculiar place. I want private object members, but I don't want to give up Object.create().

Here's the code.

var trackQueue = {};

trackQueue.factory = function () {
    var that, queue;
    that = this;
    queue = [];

    that.push = function (item) {
        queue.push(item);
    };

    that.work = function () {
        document.write(queue + "<br />");
    };

    return {
        work : that.work,
        push : that.push
    };        
};

var a = Object.create( trackQueue.factory() );
a.push("a");
a.push("b");
a.push("c");

var b = Object.create( trackQueue.factory() );
b.push("d");
b.push("e");
b.push("f");

a.work();
b.work();

And a jsfiddle

http://jsfiddle.net/dsjbirch/Wj6cp/10/

Would init be a more idiomatic / appropriate name for the factory method?

Is this insane?

Be kind - javascript isn't my first language.

回答1:

Yes, a init method on the prototype might be a more appropriate name:

var proto = {
    init: function(args) {
        // setting up private-scoped vars,
        var example = args;
        // privileged methods
        this.accessPrivate = function(){ return example; };
        // and other stuff
        this.public = 5;
    },
    prop: "defaultvalue",
    ...
}

var instance = Object.create(proto);
instance.init();

However, there is absolutely no reason not to use the classical constructor with the new keyword, which elegantly combines the Object.create and init call.

And note that you are using Object.create with absolutely no use. Your factory pattern (perfectly valid applied) returns good objects. No need to create new objects for each one that inherit from them. Just do:

var instance = trackQueue.factory();

If you like the sound of the method name "create", you might use a more idiomatic name for your factory:

trackQueueFactory.create = function(args) {...};

EDIT: Your idea to combine the factory pattern with prototype inheritance is not so wrong. Yet, the proto object from which all the fabricated objects inherit needs to be static, instead of creating a new one on each invocation. Your code might look like this:

var factory = {
    proto: {
        ...
    },
    create: function(args) {
        var product = Object.create(this.proto);
        // set up private vars scoped to the create function
        // privileged methods
        product.doSomethingSpecial = function(){ ... };
        // and other stuff
    }
};

var a = factory.create(...);

回答2:

I think this is a clear way to achieve your requirements:

var personFactory = function(id, name, age){
    var _id = id;
    var _name = name;
    var _age = age;

    var personPrototype = {
        getId: function(){
            return _id;
        },
        setId: function(id){
            _id = id;
        },
        getName: function(){
            return _name;
        },
        setName: function(name){
            _name = name;
        },
        getAge: function(){
            return _age; 
        },
        setAge: function(age){
            _age = age;
        },
        work: function(){
            document.write(this.toString());
        },
        toString: function(){
            return "Id: " + _id + " - Name: " + _name + " - Age: " + _age;
        }
    };

    return Object.create(personPrototype);
};

Usage:

var renato = personFactory(1, "Renato Gama", 25);
console.log(renato.getName()); //logs "Renato Gama"
renato.setName("Renato Mendonça da Gama");
console.log(renato.getName()); //logs "Renato Mendonça da Gama"

If I am not wrong this is one the MODULE PATTERN usages. Refer to this post for a nicer explanation. This is also a good post about the subject.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11253717/how-to-create-an-object-with-private-members-using-object-create-instead-of-ne

标签

javascript

design-patterns

prototype-programming

private-members