问题
How can keep all the configuration file code out of my logic code using Settings (ApplicationSettingsBase) and Dependency Injection?
With configuration I mean a customer specific configuration file.
Do I really have to inject a configuration class everytime I need it or is there another pattern?
It would be great to get some sample code!
Samples:
Static Configuration:
public static class StaticConfiguration
{
public static bool ShouldApplySpecialLogic { get; set; }
public static string SupportedFileMask { get; set; }
}
public class ConsumerOfStaticConfiguration
{
public void Process()
{
if (StaticConfiguration.ShouldApplySpecialLogic)
{
var strings = StaticConfiguration.SupportedFileMask.Split(',');
foreach (var @string in strings)
{
}
}
}
}
Non static Configuration:
public interface IConfiguration
{
bool ShouldApplySpecialLogic { get; set; }
string SupportedFileMask { get; set; }
}
public class Configuration : IConfiguration
{
public bool ShouldApplySpecialLogic { get; set; }
public string SupportedFileMask { get; set; }
}
public class Consumer
{
private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;
public Consumer(IConfiguration configuration)
{
_configuration = configuration;
}
public void Process()
{
if (_configuration.ShouldApplySpecialLogic)
{
var strings = _configuration.SupportedFileMask.Split(',');
foreach (var @string in strings)
{
}
}
}
}
Static Context with non static configuration:
public static class Context
{
public static IConfiguration Configuration { get; set; }
}
public class ConsumerOfStaticContext
{
public void Process()
{
if (Context.Configuration.ShouldApplySpecialLogic)
{
var strings = Context.Configuration.SupportedFileMask.Split(',');
foreach (var @string in strings)
{
}
}
}
}
回答1:
The important part to realize is that configuration is only one among several sources of values that drive your application's behavior.
The second option (non-static configuration) is best because it enables you to completely decouple the consumer from the source of the configuration values. However, the interface isn't required, as configuration settings are normally best modeled as Value Objects.
If you still want to read the values from a configuration file, you can do that from the application's Composition Root. With StructureMap, it might looks something like this:
var config = (MyConfigurationSection)ConfigurationManager.GetSection("myConfig");
container.Configure(r => r
.For<Consumer>()
.Ctor<MyConfigurationSection>()
.Is(config));
回答2:
Configuration classes reduce cohension and increase coupling in the consumers. This is because there may be many settings that don't relate to the one or two needed by your class, yet in order to fulfill the dependency, your implementation of IConfiguration must supply values for all of the accessors, even the irrelevant ones.
It also couples your class to infrastructure knowledge: details like "these values are configured together" bleed out of the application configuration and into your classes, increasing the surface area affected by changes to unrelated systems.
The least complex, most flexible way to share configuration values is to use constructor injection of the values themselves, externalizing infrastructure concerns. However, in a comment on another answer, you indicate that you are scared of having a lot of constructor parameters, which is a valid concern.
The key point to recognize is that there is no difference between primitive and complex dependencies. Whether you depend on an integer or an interface, they are both things you don't know and must be told. From this perspective, IConfiguration makes as much sense as IDependencies. Large constructors indicate a class has too much responsibility regardless of whether the parameters are primitive or complex.
Consider treating int, string and bool like you would any other dependency. It will make your classes cleaner, more focused, more resistant to change, and easier to unit test.
回答3:
One way is to inject a configuration interface like you post. Here are a couple other ways.
Exposing a Setter
class Consumer
{
public bool ShouldApplySpecialLogic { get; set; }
...
}
In the composition root, you can read a config file or hardcode it. Autofac example:
builder.RegisterType<Consumer>().AsSelf()
.OnActivated(e => e.Instance.ShouldApplySpecialLogic = true);
This is probably only advisable when you have a good default
Constructor Injection
public class Server
{
public Server(int portToListenOn) { ... }
}
In the composition root:
builder.Register(c => new Server(12345)).AsSelf();
回答4:
In my applications I do what you have done above with IoC. That is to say, having my IoC container (StructureMap also) inject an IApplicationSettings into my classes.
For example, in an ASP.NET MVC3 project it may look like:
Public Class MyController
Inherits Controller
...
Private ReadOnly mApplicationSettings As IApplicationSettings
Public Sub New(..., applicationSettings As IApplicationSettings)
...
Me.mApplicationSettings = applicationSettings
End Sub
Public Function SomeAction(custId As Guid) As ActionResult
...
' Look up setting for custId
' If not found fall back on default like
viewModel.SomeProperty = Me.mApplicationSettings.SomeDefaultValue
Return View("...", viewModel)
End Function
End Class
My implementation of IApplicationSettings pulls most things from the app's .config file and has a few hard-coded values in there as well.
My example wasn't logic flow-control (like your example), but it would have worked just the same if it was.
The other way to do this would be to do a service-locator type pattern, where you ask your Dependency Injection container to get you an instance of the configuration class on-the-fly. Service-Location is considered an anti-pattern generally, but might still be of use to you.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7288859/ways-of-keeping-configuration-code-out-of-logic-code-using-dependency-injection