Make Anaconda's tkinter aware of system fonts or install new fonts for Anaconda

问题

I have two Python installations on my Debian Sid notebook, ⑴ the system's Python (v.2.7) with a little bunch of utility packages (including Tkinter) and ⑵ Anaconda's Python 3.

It is easy to see which (well, here how many...) fonts are available for the two Python distributions.

Python 2

>>> from Tkinter import Tk
>>> from tkFont import families
>>> Tk(); available = families()   ### Tk() is needed to have a running tcl interpreter
<Tkinter.Tk instance at 0x7f977bcbfb90>
>>> len(available)
3011

Python 3

>>> from tkinter import Tk
>>> from tkinter.font import families
>>> Tk() ; available = families()
<tkinter.Tk object .>
>>> len(available)
68

It seems to me that Anaconda's tkinter only looks at the basic X fonts ~~that came with the distribution~~^{see edit below}.

Do you know a procedure to, alternatively

let Anaconda's tkinter know of the system fonts (preferred alternative) or
install a few fonts in the Anaconda's tree so that tkinter can use them?

tia

Edit the fonts available to Anaconda are indeed system fonts, but only the fonts that are known to xfontsel, i.e., the fonts in the font path that can be manipulated using xset.

I tried the following

$ cd ~/.fonts ; mkfontscale ; mkfontdir ; xset fp+ `pwd`

and xfontsel showed about 30 more font families. Checking with Python 3 I verified that only two font families were added to the list of available fonts (namely 'go' and 'gomono' — no 'consolas' etc) and producing a label

...
r = Tk() ; Label(r, text="Go Mono", font=('gomono', 24)).pack()

with Python 2 and Python 3 succeeded in both cases, but Debian's Python showed a nice antialiased text while the other was a (rough) bitmap rendition.

So, in a sense, I have partially answered my question, but

not every font family, as shown by xfontsel, was taken up by tkinter
even for the very few that were recognized, the rendition leaves too much to be desired...

and I'd like to read a better, more useful answer.

回答1:

{tT}kinter works linking to a Tk/Tcl interpreter that, loosely speaking, is contained in a couple of DLL, in particular the graphical library is libtk6.0.so.

Most of the extra fonts not seen by tkinter are managed by the Freetype library and Anaconda's libtk6.0.so is not built against Freetype...

$ ldd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtk8.6.so | grep freetype
        libfreetype.so.6 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so.6 (0x00007f0a24597000)
$ ldd miniconda3/lib/libtk8.6.so | grep freetype
$

I've tried the following, horrible thing

$ mv lib/miniconda3/lib/libtk8.6.so lib/miniconda3/lib/libtk8.6.sav
$ ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtk8.6.so lib/miniconda3/lib/libtk8.6.so
$ ipython
Python 3.6.3 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Nov 20 2017, 20:41:42) 
Type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information
IPython 6.2.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python. Type '?' for help.
In [1]: from tkinter import Tk, Label ; from tkinter.font import families
In [2]: r = Tk() ; a = families() ; len(a)
Out[2]: 328
In [3]: r=Tk() ;  Label(r, text="Constantia", font=("Constantia", 60)).pack()
In [4]: r.mainloop()

Final thoughts.

Substituting the DLL is not a clean solution.
The fonts are not exactly the same. For sure Anaconda has its own Fontconfig subsystem and possibly the directories that are scanned are different, but I have not a correct understanding of the discrepancy in the number of fonts.
The correct course of action is to persuade Anaconda, Inc. to build libtk against Freetype, but I don't know how to report to them, e.g., if I go to https://www.anaconda.com/search/issues what I see is a list of informational articles on the distribution.

Update

W.r.to point 3, I contacted via a github issue Anaconda Inc. and I was told

No we cannot do this. When building our software we need python built very early, well before anything graphical gets built. Adding Freetype as a dep for tkinter causes a cycle in the build graph and we can no longer build the distro.

Why not use something more modern than tkinter anyway?

--- Ray Donnelly (aka mingwandroid)

回答2:

EDIT: As @gboffi pointed out, this solution only seems like it works, as sudo python doesn't use Anaconda's install, but rather the system default. Using the full Anaconda Python path with sudo still yields the limited font options. I'm going to keep exploring this, but this answer as it stands is clearly incorrect.

I was having almost the exact same problem, and the "fix" for me was to run Anaconda's Python with sudo. Doing so apparently gives it access to the rest of the fonts that, for whatever reason, it doesn't natively have. (Found this info in a sparsely populated Google Groups discussion.)

For reference, my system is running Ubuntu 16.04, and Anaconda 4.4.8 with Python 3.6.4.

python my_script.py yields:

while sudo python my_script.py yields:

Oddly they don't overlap, but I'm frustrated enough with Anaconda at this point that I'm done investigating for now. Hope this (maybe) helps! It's a bad solution that's good enough for testing.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47769187/make-anacondas-tkinter-aware-of-system-fonts-or-install-new-fonts-for-anaconda

标签

python

tkinter

fonts

Anaconda

fontconfig