Rails: Has and belongs to many (HABTM) — create association without creating other records

问题

Spent all day on Google, but can't find an answer. :\

I have a HABTM relationship between Users and Core_Values.

class CoreValue < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_and_belongs_to_many :users

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_and_belongs_to_many :core_values

In my controller, I need to do two separate things:

If a CoreValue does not exist, create a new one and associate it with a given user id, and
Assuming I know a particular CoreValue does exist already, create the association without creating any new CoreValues or Users

For # 1, I've got this to work:

User.find(current_user.id).core_values.create({:value => v, :created_by => current_user.id})

This creates a new CoreValue with :value and :created_by and creates the association.

For # 2, I've tried a few things, but can't quite seem to create the association ONLY.

Thanks for your help!

回答1:

You can do this in a two-step procedure, using the very useful find_or_create method. find_or_create will first attempt to find a record, and if it doesn't exist, create it. Something like this should do the trick:

core_value = CoreValue.find_or_create_by_value(v, :created_by => current_user.id)
current_user.core_values << core_value

Some notes:

The first line will find or create the value v. If it doesn't exist and is created, it will set the created_by to current_user.id.
There's no need to do User.find(current_user.id), as that would return the same object as current_user.
current_user.core_values is an array, and you can easily add another value to it by using <<.

For brevity, the following would be the same as the code example above:

current_user.core_values << CoreValue.find_or_create_by_value(v, :created_by => current_user.id)

回答2:

Add a method in your user model:

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  def assign_core_value(v)
    core_values.find_by_name(v) || ( self.core_values << 
      CoreValue.find_or_create_by_name(:name => v, :created_by => self)).last 
  end
end

The assign_core_value method meets requirement 1,2 and returns the core value assigned to the user (with the given name).

Now you can do the following:

current_user.assign_core_value(v)

Note 1

Method logic is as follows:

1) Checks if the CoreValue is already associated with the user. If so no action is taken, core value is returned.

2) Checks if the CoreValue with the given name exists. If not creates the CoreValue. Associates the core value(created/found) with the user.

回答3:

Active Record already gives you a method. In your case,

val = CoreValue.find_by_value(v)
current_user.core_values << val

You can also pass a number of objects at ones this way. All the associations will be created

Check this for more information

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4730493/rails-has-and-belongs-to-many-habtm-create-association-without-creating-ot

标签

ruby-on-rails

activerecord

has-and-belongs-to-many