How to avoid Compound Class name error in Page Object?

问题

When I try to use the class name that having space class = "country name" in page object, I'm getting:

Compound class names not permitted Selenium::WebDriver::Error::UnknownError)

How can I use the class name that having space.

Eg:

class = "country name"

回答1:

Use a CSS selector instead:

.country.name

The important thing to note is that this example is wrong! If "country name" is meant as a name of a country, that is. Class names can't have spaces in them. In fact, the class attribute is a space-separated list of classes. That means that if you have a class country name, it's not one class, it's two different classes your element belongs to - the first is country, the second is name!

Therefore, fix your classes, if they're wrong. If they're not, use a CSS selector, it's the only reliable way to match multiple classes (apart from a very long and complicated XPath expression). Don't use trivial XPath expressions or CSS selectors with naive attribute comparison (//*[@class='country name'] or *[class='country name']), that's just plain wrong.

回答2:

You can use with this

By.cssSelector("*[class^='classname']");

^ is for if you entering beginning of the class name, 
$ is for if you entering ending of the class name usage example below with sample class name: tech random corner text_left

By.cssSelector("*[class^='tech']");
By.cssSelector("*[class$='text_left']");

回答3:

You can use one of these class names, for example

:class => 'country'

:class => 'name'

if it can't help you then you should switch to use other type of selector :css or :xpath

But note that in case of :css you write:

:css => '.country.name'

and in case of :xpath:

:xpath => '//div[@class='country code']

both should work

回答4:

If you have class names which have spaces in them you will get this error. One way of avoiding is creating an xpath for identifying the element. If you show the html I can create the xpath. Also try using class names as multiple objects will have the same class name.

回答5:

You will have to either remove the space from the class name, in which case Selenium should still in theory find the elements you need or, use a CSS selector and combine it with a period/full stop to concatenate the class names together.

i.e, using a CSS selector to target this: