Jasmine - Spying on a method call within a constructor

问题

I want to test whether the following method is called with in my Javascript object constructor. From what I have seen in the Jasmine documentation, I can spy on a constructor method and I can spy on methods after an object has been instantiated, but I can't seem to be able to spy on a method before the object is constructed.

The object:

Klass = function() {
    this.called_method();
};

Klass.prototype.called_method = function() {
  //method to be called in the constructor.
}

I want to do something like this in the spec:

it('should spy on a method call within the constructor', function() {
    spyOn(window, 'Klass');
    var obj = new Klass();
    expect(window.Klass.called_method).toHaveBeenCalled();
});

回答1:

Spy directly on the prototype method:

describe("The Klass constructor", function() {
  it("should call its prototype's called_method", function() {
      spyOn(Klass.prototype, 'called_method');  //.andCallThrough();
      var k = new Klass();
      expect(Klass.prototype.called_method).toHaveBeenCalled();
  });
});

回答2:

Broadly, I agree with Dave Newton's answer above. However, there are some edge-cases to this approach that you should consider.

Take a variation to Dave's solution, with another test-case:

// production code
var Klass = function() {
  this.call_count = 0;
  this.called_method();
};
Klass.prototype.called_method = function() {
  ++this.call_count;
};

// test code
describe("The Klass constructor", function() {
  it("should call its prototype's called_method", function() {
    spyOn(Klass.prototype, 'called_method');
    var k = new Klass();
    expect(k.called_method).toHaveBeenCalled();
  });
  it('some other test', function() {
    var k = new Klass();
    expect(k.call_count).toEqual(1);
  });
});

The second test will fail because the spy setup in the first test persists across the test boundaries into the second method; called_method doesn't increment call_count, so this.call_count does not equal 1. It's also possible to come up with scenarios with false positives - tests that pass, that shouldn't.

On top of this, because the spy remains, the more Klass instances that are created, the bigger the memory heap the spy will consume, because the spy will record each call to called_method. This probably isn't a problem in most circumstances, but you should be aware of it, just in case.

A simple solution to this problem would be to make sure that the spy is removed after it has been used. It can look a bit ugly, but something like this works:

// test code
describe("The Klass constructor", function() {
  it("should call its prototype's called_method", function() {
    var spy = jasmine.createSpy('called_method');
    var method = Klass.prototype.called_method;
    Klass.prototype.called_method = spy;
    var k = new Klass();
    expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalled();
    Klass.prototype.called_method = method;
  });

[NOTE - a little opinion to finish] A better solution would be to change the way you write production code to make the code easier to test. As a rule, spying on prototypes is probably a code-smell to be avoided. Instead of instantiating dependencies in the constructor, inject them. Instead of doing initialization in the constructor, defer to an appropriate init method.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8733978/jasmine-spying-on-a-method-call-within-a-constructor

标签

javascript

testing

jasmine

spy