How can I shortern my command line prompt's current directory?

问题

I am using Ubuntu and I am tired of this long prompts in bash when I am working with some deep directory hierarchy. So, I would like to tweak my PS1 to shorten the working directory part the following way:

Currently I have:

pajton@dragon:~/workspace/projects/project1/folder1/test$

and would like to have:

pajton@dragon:~/workspace/.../folder1/test$

The truncating would occur if len($PWD) passes given threshold. I want to always keep the first path component and at least one last path component. Then as space permits, add more components taking from the right.

This is what I have currently. It works, but: 1) doesn't keep first path component, 2) doesn't respect cutting path at boundaries:

pwd_length=14
pwd_symbol="..."
newPWD="${PWD/#$HOME/~}"

if [ $(echo -n $newPWD | wc -c | tr -d " ") -gt $pwd_length ]
then
   newPWD="...$(echo -n $PWD | sed -e "s/.*\(.\{$pwd_length\}\)/\1/")"
else
   newPWD="$(echo -n $PWD)"
fi

And the result:

pajton@dragon:...sth/folder1/sample$ 

Thanks in advance!

回答1:

Consider this script using awk instead of sed for your case:

pwd_length=14
pwd_symbol="..."
newPWD="${PWD/#$HOME/~}"
if [ $(echo -n $newPWD | wc -c | tr -d " ") -gt $pwd_length ]
then
   newPWD=$(echo -n $newPWD | awk -F '/' '{
   print $1 "/" $2 "/.../" $(NF-1) "/" $(NF)}')
fi
PS1='${newPWD}$ '

For your example of directory ~/workspace/projects/project1/folder1/test it makes PS1 as: ~/workspace/.../folder1/test

UPDATE

Above solution will set your prompt but as you noted in your comment that it will NOT change PS1 dynamically when you change directory. So here is the solution that will dynamically set PS1 when you change directories around.

Put these 2 lines in your .bashrc file:

export MYPS='$(echo -n "${PWD/#$HOME/~}" | awk -F "/" '"'"'{
if (length($0) > 14) { if (NF>4) print $1 "/" $2 "/.../" $(NF-1) "/" $NF;
else if (NF>3) print $1 "/" $2 "/.../" $NF;
else print $1 "/.../" $NF; }
else print $0;}'"'"')'
PS1='$(eval "echo ${MYPS}")$ '

if (NF > 4 && length($0) > 14) condition in awk will only apply special handling when your current directory is more than 3 directories deep AND if length of $PWD is more than 14 characters otherwise and it will keep PS1 as $PWD.

eg: if current directory is ~/workspace/projects/project1$ then PS1 will be ~/workspace/projects/project1$

Effect of above in .bashrc will be as follows on your PS1:

~$ cd ~/workspace/projects/project1/folder1/test
~/workspace/.../folder1/test$ cd ..
~/workspace/.../project1/folder1$ cd ..
~/workspace/.../project1$ cd ..
~/.../projects$ cd ..
~/workspace$ cd ..
~$

Notice how prompt is changing when I change directories. Let me know if this is not what you wanted.

回答2:

For people looking for a much simpler solution and don't need the name of the first directory in the path, Bash has built-in support for this using the PROMPT_DIRTRIM variable. From the documentation:

PROMPT_DIRTRIM

If set to a number greater than zero, the value is used as the number of trailing directory components to retain when expanding the \w and \W prompt string escapes (see Printing a Prompt). Characters removed are replaced with an ellipsis.

For example:

~$ mkdir -p a/b/c/d/e/f
~$ cd a/b/c/d/e/f
~/a/b/c/d/e/f$ export PROMPT_DIRTRIM=2
~/.../e/f$ PROMPT_DIRTRIM=3
~/.../d/e/f$ 

Downside: It depends on the directory level, not the length of the path, which you might not want.

Upside: It's very simple. Just add export PROMPT_DIRTRIM=2 to your .bashrc.

回答3:

This is what I use based on the solutions from anubhava. It sets both the prompt and the windows title. The awk script is more readable so it can be tweaked/customized easily.

It will fold the path if it's more than 16 chars and 4 levels deep. Furthermore, it will also indicate in the ... how many directories were folded, so you get a sense of how deep the path is, ie: ~/usr/..4../path2/path1 indicates 4 levels were folded.

# define the awk script using heredoc notation for easy modification
MYPSDIR_AWK=$(cat << 'EOF'
BEGIN { FS = OFS = "/" }
{ 
   sub(ENVIRON["HOME"], "~");
   if (length($0) > 16 && NF > 4)
      print $1,$2,".." NF-4 "..",$(NF-1),$NF
   else
      print $0
}
EOF
)

# my replacement for \w prompt expansion
export MYPSDIR='$(echo -n "$PWD" | awk "$MYPSDIR_AWK")'

# the fancy colorized prompt: [0 user@host ~]$
# return code is in green, user@host is in bold/white
export PS1='[\[\033[1;32m\]$?\[\033[0;0m\] \[\033[0;1m\]\u@\h\[\033[0;0m\] $(eval "echo ${MYPSDIR}")]$ '

# set x/ssh window title as well
export PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033]0;${USER}@${HOSTNAME%%.*} $(eval "echo ${MYPSDIR}")\007"'

Here's what it looks like in action. The green 0 is the return code of last command:

回答4:

echo -n $PWD | sed -re "s|(~?/[^/]*/).*(.{$pwd_length})|\1...\2|"

sed with -r only for convenience, allows to omit backslash before parentheses, and "|" as delimiter only for convenience too - because we want to use the slash inside the command. I guess your home get's displayed as ~ as well, so ~/foo/bar/baz/ should end in ~/foo/.../baz, and /foo/bar/baz/ as /foo/.../baz/.

So we take an optional ~, followed by slash, name, slash as \1, then something, then the rest as \2.

回答5:

Another approach, still using sed and awk to generate the prompt. This will convert your $HOME directory into ~, show you your root directory, your lowest level (current directory), and its parent, separated by .. for each directory in between.

Inside of your .bashrc (or .bash_profile on OS X):

function generate_pwd {
  pwd | sed s.$HOME.~.g | awk -F"/" '
  BEGIN { ORS="/" }
  END {
  for (i=1; i<= NF; i++) {
      if ((i == 1 && $1 != "") || i == NF-1 || i == NF) {
        print $i
      }
      else if (i == 1 && $1 == "") {
        print "/"$2
        i++
      }
      else {
        print ".."
      }
    }
  }'
}
export PS1="\$(generate_pwd) -> "

The script uses awk's built in NF variable (number of fields) and positional variables ($1, $2 ...) to print each field (directory name) separated by the ORS variable (output record separator). It collapses the inner directories into .. in your prompt.

Example of it in use:

~/ -> cd Documents/
~/Documents/ -> cd scripts/
~/Documents/scripts/ -> cd test1/
~/../scripts/test1/ -> cd test2
~/../../test1/test2/ -> pwd
/Users/Brandon/Documents/scripts/test1/test2
~/../../test1/test2/ -> cd test3/
~/../../../test2/test3/ -> cd test4/
~/../../../../test3/test4/ -> pwd
/Users/Brandon/Documents/scripts/test1/test2/test3/test4
~/../../../../test3/test4/ -> cd /usr/
/usr/ -> cd local/
/usr/local/ -> cd etc/
/usr/local/etc/ -> cd openssl/
/usr/../etc/openssl/ -> cd private/
/usr/../../openssl/private/ ->

回答6:

Apart from the bash-builtin solution using PROMPT_DIRTRIM, you may want to try $(pwd | tail -c16), which is a tad simpler than most other answers, but just gives the last 16 characters of the current directory. Of course replace 16 by any number you want.

回答7:

Why not just use ${string:position:length}? You can do ${string:-$max_chars} to have the last ${max_chars} of the string.

note the negative value

回答8:

Not so different from previous solutions. However, maybe a bit more readable/editable. However, no solution to the folder name boundary, only focusing on the length of the prompt.

### SET MY PROMPT ###
if [ -n "$PS1" ]; then
    # A temporary variable to contain our prompt command
    NEW_PROMPT_COMMAND='
        pwd_short=${PWD/#$HOME/\~};
        if [ ${#pwd_short} -gt 53 ]; then
            TRIMMED_PWD=${pwd_short: 0: 25}...${pwd_short: -25}
        else
            TRIMMED_PWD=${pwd_short}
        fi
    '

    # If there's an existing prompt command, let's not 
    # clobber it
    if [ -n "$PROMPT_COMMAND" ]; then
        PROMPT_COMMAND="$PROMPT_COMMAND;$NEW_PROMPT_COMMAND"
    else
        PROMPT_COMMAND="$NEW_PROMPT_COMMAND"
    fi

    # We're done with our temporary variable
    unset NEW_PROMPT_COMMAND

    # Set PS1 with our new variable
    # \h - hostname, \u - username
    PS1='\u@\h: $TRIMMED_PWD\$ '
fi

added to the .bashrc file. All parts of the prompt is updated properly. The first part is shortened if you're in your home directory. Example:

user@computer: ~/misc/projs/solardrivers...src/com/mycompany/handles$

回答9:

generatePwd(){
  set -- "`pwd | sed -e s.${HOME}.~.g`"
  IFS="/"; declare -a array=($*)
  srt=""
  count=0
  for i in ${!array[@]}; do
      # echo ${array[i]} - $i/${#array[@]}
      if [[ $i == 0 ]]; then
        srt+=""
      elif [[ $i == $((${#array[@]}-1)) ]] || [[ $i == $((${#array[@]}-2)) ]]; then
          srt+="/${array[i]}"
      else
        count=$((${count}+1))
      fi
  done
  if [[ $count != 0 ]]; then
    srt="${array[0]}/.$count.$srt"
  else
    srt="${array[0]}$srt"
  fi
  echo "${srt}"
}

export PS1

PS1="\$(generatePwd)"

Console

$ ~/.3./machine-learning/deep-learning-computer-vision

回答10:

https://github.com/chrissound/SodiumSierraStrawberry

Allows you to truncate a path like:

From: /home/sodium/Projects/Personal/Sierra/Super/Long/Path/HolyAvacado

To: »Projects/Sie…/Sup…/Lon…/Pat…/HolyAvacado/

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5687446/how-can-i-shortern-my-command-line-prompts-current-directory