问题
I am trying to install Nachos on my laptop and I have Ubuntu 11.04 on the laptop.
The code is in C and so to build it I assume I will need cross compiler. This is where my problem is. I downloaded the source code of the MIPS cross compiler using the command
wget http://mll.csie.ntu.edu.tw/course/os_f08/assignment/mips-decstation.linux-xgcc.gz
and I unzipped it using
tar zxvf mips-decstation.linux-xgcc.gz
This is okay, but when I try to build the source code of the nachos os, using make, I get this error -
/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h:7:27: fatal error: gnu/stubs-32.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated. make: *** [bitmap.o] Error 1
I am trying to follow the instructions given over here - http://mll.csie.ntu.edu.tw/course/os_f08/217.htm and everything is working fine except when I try to use make.
回答1:
You're missing the 32 bit libc dev package:
On Ubuntu it's called libc6-dev-i386 - do sudo apt-get install libc6-dev-i386. See below for extra instructions for Ubuntu 12.04.
On Red Hat distros, the package name is glibc-devel.i686 (Thanks to David Gardner's comment).
On CentOS 5.8, the package name is glibc-devel.i386 (Thanks to JimKleck's comment).
On CentOS 6 / 7, the package name is glibc-devel.i686.
On SLES it's called glibc-devel-32bit - do zypper in glibc-devel-32bit.
On Gentoo it's called sys-libs/glibc - do emerge -1a sys-libs/gcc
[source] (Note : One may use equery to confirm this is correct; do equery belongs belongs /usr/include/gnu/stubs-32.h)
On ArchLinux, the package name is lib32-glibc - do pacman -S lib32-glibc.
Are you using Ubuntu 12.04? There is a known problem that puts the files in a non standard location. You'll also need to do:
export LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/$(gcc -print-multiarch)
export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/$(gcc -print-multiarch)
export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/$(gcc -print-multiarch)
somewhere before you build (say in your .bashrc).
If you are also compiling C++ code, you will also need the 32 bit stdc++ library. If you see this warning:
.... /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lstdc++ ....
On Ubuntu you will need to do sudo apt-get install g++-multilib
On CentOS 5 you will need to do yum install libstdc++-devel.i386
On CentOS 6 you will need to do yum install libstdc++-devel.i686
Please feel free to edit in the packages for other systems.
回答2:
From the GNU UPC website:
Compiler build fails with fatal error: gnu/stubs-32.h: No such file or directory
This error message shows up on the 64 bit systems where GCC/UPC multilib feature is enabled, and it indicates that 32 bit version of libc is not installed. There are two ways to correct this problem:
- Install 32 bit version of glibc (e.g. glibc-devel.i686 on Fedora, CentOS, ..)
- Disable 'multilib' build by supplying "--disable-multilib" switch on the compiler configuration command
回答3:
Try doing a sudo apt-get install libc6-dev.
apt-file tells me that the file in question belongs to that package.
回答4:
This is now in the GCC wiki FAQ, see http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/FAQ#gnu_stubs-32.h
回答5:
I was getting following error on a fedora 18 box:
1. /usr/include/gnu/stubs.h:7:27: fatal error: gnu/stubs-32.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated.
I Installed glibc.i686 and glibc-devel.i686, then compilation failed with following error:
2. /usr/bin/ld: skipping incompatible /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.7.2/libgcc_s.so when searching for -lgcc_s /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Solution:
I installed (yum install) glibc.i686 glibc-devel.i386 and libgcc.i686 to get rid of the compilation issue.
Now compilation for 32 bit (-m32) works fine.
回答6:
Hmm well I am on ubuntu 12.04 and I got this same error when trying to compile gcc 4.7.2
I tried installing the libc6-dev-i386 package and got the following:
Package libc6-dev-i386 is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
E: Package 'libc6-dev-i386' has no installation candidate
I also set the correct environment variables in bash:
export LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/$(gcc -print-multiarch)
export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/$(gcc -print-multiarch)
export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/$(gcc -print-multiarch)
however, I was still getting the error then I simply copied stubs-32.h over to where gcc was expecting to find it after doing a quick diff:
vic@ubuntu:/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/gnu$ diff ../../gnu ./
Only in ./: stubs-32.h
Only in ../../gnu: stubs-64.h
vic@ubuntu:/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/gnu$ sudo cp stubs-32.h ../../gnu/
[sudo] password for vic:
vic@ubuntu:/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/gnu$ diff ../../gnu ./
Only in ../../gnu: stubs-64.h
vic@ubuntu:/usr/include/i386-linux-gnu/gnu$
It's compiling now, let's see if it complains more ...
回答7:
FWIW, it smells like an error (or at least a potential source of future pain) to be using files from /usr/include when cross-compiling.
回答8:
gnu/stubs-32.h is not directed included in programms. It's a back-end type header file of gnu/stubs.h, just like gnu/stubs-64.h. You can install the multilib package to add both.
回答9:
# sudo apt-get install g++-multilib
Should fix this error on 64-bit machines (Debian/Ubuntu).
回答10:
If you are facing this issue in Mac-OSX terminal with python, try updating the versions of the packages you are using. So, go to your files in python and where you specified the packages, update them to the latest versions available on the internet.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7412548/error-gnu-stubs-32-h-no-such-file-or-directory-while-compiling-nachos-source