I ran into a merge conflict. How can I abort the merge?

问题

I used git pull and had a merge conflict:

unmerged:   _widget.html.erb

You are in the middle of a conflicted merge.

I know that the other version of the file is good and that mine is bad so all my changes should be abandoned. How can I do this?

回答1:

Since your pull was unsuccessful then HEAD (not HEAD^) is the last "valid" commit on your branch:

git reset --hard HEAD

The other piece you want is to let their changes over-ride your changes.

Older versions of git allowed you to use the "theirs" merge strategy:

git pull --strategy=theirs remote_branch

But this has since been removed, as explained in this message by Junio Hamano (the Git maintainer). As noted in the link, instead you would do this:

git fetch origin
git reset --hard origin

回答2:

If your git version is >= 1.6.1, you can use git reset --merge.

Also, as @Michael Johnson mentions, if your git version is >= 1.7.4, you can also use git merge --abort.

As always, make sure you have no uncommitted changes before you start a merge.

From the git merge man page

git merge --abort is equivalent to git reset --merge when MERGE_HEAD is present.

MERGE_HEAD is present when a merge is in progress.

Also, regarding uncommitted changes when starting a merge:

If you have changes you don't want to commit before starting a merge, just git stash them before the merge and git stash pop after finishing the merge or aborting it.

回答3:

git merge --abort

Abort the current conflict resolution process, and try to reconstruct the pre-merge state.

If there were uncommitted worktree changes present when the merge started, git merge --abort will in some cases be unable to reconstruct these changes. It is therefore recommended to always commit or stash your changes before running git merge.

git merge --abort is equivalent to git reset --merge when MERGE_HEAD is present.

http://www.git-scm.com/docs/git-merge

回答4:

Its so simple.

git merge --abort

Git itself shows you the solution when you are in this type of trouble and run the git status command.

git status

Hope this will help people.

回答5:

I think it's git reset you need.

Beware that git revert means something very different to, say, svn revert - in Subversion the revert will discard your (uncommitted) changes, returning the file to the current version from the repository, whereas git revert "undoes" a commit.

git reset should do the equivalent of svn revert, that is, discard your unwanted changes.

回答6:

In this particular use case, you don't really want to abort the merge, just resolve the conflict in a particular way.

There is no particular need to reset and perform a merge with a different strategy, either. The conflicts have been correctly highlighted by git and the requirement to accept the other sides changes is only for this one file.

For an unmerged file in a conflict git makes available the common base, local and remote versions of the file in the index. (This is where they are read from for use in a 3-way diff tool by git mergetool.) You can use git show to view them.

# common base:
git show :1:_widget.html.erb

# 'ours'
git show :2:_widget.html.erb

# 'theirs'
git show :3:_widget.html.erb

The simplest way to resolve the conflict to use the remote version verbatim is:

git show :3:_widget.html.erb >_widget.html.erb
git add _widget.html.erb

Or, with git >= 1.6.1:

git checkout --theirs _widget.html.erb

回答7:

Since comments suggest that git reset --merge is an alias for git merge --abort, it is worth noticing that git merge --abort is only equivalent to git reset --merge given that a MERGE_HEAD is present. This can be read in the git help for merge command.

git merge --abort is equivalent to git reset --merge when MERGE_HEAD is present.

After a failed merge, when there is no MERGE_HEAD, the failed merge can be undone with git reset --merge but not necessarily with git merge --abort, so they are not only old and new syntax for the same thing.

Personally I find git reset --merge much more powerful for scenarios similar to the described one, and failed merges in general.

回答8:

For scenario like this, I did git fetch and git pull, then realized that upstream branch was not master branch, which resulted in unwanted conflicts.

git reset --merge 

This reverted back without resetting my local changes.

回答9:

And if you end up with merge conflict and doesn't have any things to commit but still merge error is being displayed after applying all the below mentioned commands,

git reset --hard HEAD
git pull --strategy=theirs remote_branch
git fetch origin
git reset --hard origin

please remove

.git\index.lock

file [cut paste to some other location in case of recovery] and then enter any of below command depending on which version you want.

git reset --hard HEAD
git reset --hard origin

Hope that helps!!!

回答10:

Since Git 1.6.1.3 git checkout has been able to checkout from either side of a merge:

git checkout --theirs _widget.html.erb

回答11:

An alternative, which preserves the state of the working copy is:

git stash
git merge --abort
git stash pop

I generally advise against this, because it is effectively like merging in Subversion as it throws away the branch relationships in the following commit.

回答12:

I found the following worked for me (revert a single file to pre-merge state):

git reset *currentBranchIntoWhichYouMerged* -- *fileToBeReset*

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/101752/i-ran-into-a-merge-conflict-how-can-i-abort-the-merge