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How to mount a host directory in a Docker container

由 一笑奈何 提交于 2019-12-16 22:12:08

问题


I am trying to mount a host directory into a Docker container so that any updates done on the host is reflected into the Docker containers.

Where am I doing something wrong. Here is what I did:

kishore$ cat Dockerfile

FROM ubuntu:trusty
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get -y install git curl vim
CMD ["/bin/bash"]
WORKDIR /test_container
VOLUME ["/test_container"]


kishore$ tree
.
├── Dockerfile
└── main_folder
    ├── tfile1.txt
    ├── tfile2.txt
    ├── tfile3.txt
    └── tfile4.txt


1 directory, 5 files
kishore$ pwd
/Users/kishore/tdock

kishore$ docker build --tag=k3_s3:latest .


Uploading context 7.168 kB
Uploading context
Step 0 : FROM ubuntu:trusty
 ---> 99ec81b80c55
Step 1 : RUN apt-get update
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 1c7282005040
Step 2 : RUN apt-get -y install git curl vim
 ---> Using cache
 ---> aed48634e300
Step 3 : CMD ["/bin/bash"]
 ---> Running in d081b576878d
 ---> 65db8df48595
Step 4 : WORKDIR /test_container
 ---> Running in 5b8d2ccd719d
 ---> 250369b30e1f
Step 5 : VOLUME ["/test_container"]
 ---> Running in 72ca332d9809
 ---> 163deb2b1bc5
Successfully built 163deb2b1bc5
Removing intermediate container b8bfcb071441
Removing intermediate container d081b576878d
Removing intermediate container 5b8d2ccd719d
Removing intermediate container 72ca332d9809




kishore$ docker run -d -v /Users/kishore/main_folder:/test_container k3_s3:latest
c9f9a7e09c54ee1c2cc966f15c963b4af320b5203b8c46689033c1ab8872a0ea
kishore$ docker run -i -t k3_s3:latest /bin/bash


root@0f17e2313a46:/test_container# ls -al
total 8
drwx------  2 root root 4096 Apr 29 05:15 .
drwxr-xr-x 66 root root 4096 Apr 29 05:15 ..




root@0f17e2313a46:/test_container# exit
exit
kishore$ docker -v
Docker version 0.9.1, build 867b2a9
  • I don't know how to check boot2docker version

Questions, issues facing:

  1. How do I need to link the main_folder to the test_container folder present inside the docker container?
  2. I need to make this automatically. How do I to do that without really using the run -d -v command?
  3. What happens if the boot2docker crashes? Where are the Docker files stored (apart from Dockerfile)?

回答1:


There are a couple ways you can do this. The simplest way to do so is to use the dockerfile ADD command like so:

ADD . /path/inside/docker/container

However, any changes made to this directory on the host after building the dockerfile will not show up in the container. This is because when building a container, docker compresses the directory into a .tar and uploads that context into the container permanently.

The second way to do this is the way you attempted, which is to mount a volume. Due to trying to be as portable as possible you cannot map a host directory to a docker container directory within a dockerfile, because the host directory can change depending on which machine you are running on. To map a host directory to a docker container directory you need to use the -v flag when using docker run like so:

docker run -v /host/directory:/container/directory -other -options image_name command_to_run



回答2:


The user of this question was using Docker version 0.9.1, build 867b2a9, I will give you an answer for docker version >= 17.06.

What you want, keep local directory synchronized within container directory, is accomplished by mounting the volume with type bind. This will bind the source (your system) and the target (at the docker container) directories. It's almost the same as mounting a directory on linux.

According to Docker documentation, the appropriate command to mount is now mount instead of -v. Here's its documentation:

  • --mount: Consists of multiple key-value pairs, separated by commas. Each key/value pair takes the form of a <key>=<value> tuple. The --mount syntax is more verbose than -v or --volume, but the order of the keys is not significant, and the value of the flag is easier to understand.

  • The type of the mount, which can be bind, volume, or tmpfs. (We are going to use bind)

  • The source of the mount. For bind mounts, this is the path to the file or directory on the Docker daemon host. May be specified as source or src.

  • The destination takes as its value the path where the file or directory will be mounted in the container. May be specified as destination, dst, or target.

So, to mount the the current directory (source) with /test_container (target) we are going to use:

    docker run -it --mount src="$(pwd)",target=/test_container,type=bind k3_s3

If these mount parameters have spaces you must put quotes around them. When I know they don't, I would use `pwd` instead:

    docker run -it --mount src=`pwd`,target=/test_container,type=bind k3_s3

You will also have to deal with file permission, see this article.




回答3:


2 successive mounts: I guess many posts here might be using two boot2docker, the reason you don't see anything is that you are mounting a directory from boot2docker, not from your host.

You basically need 2 successive mounts:

the first one to mount a directory from your host to your system

the second to mount the new directory from boot2docker to your container like this:

  • 1) Mount local system on boot2docker

    sudo mount -t vboxsf hostfolder /boot2dockerfolder

  • 2) Mount boot2docker file on linux container 

    docker run -v /boot2dockerfolder:/root/containerfolder -i -t imagename

Then when you ls inside the containerfolder you will see the content of your hostfolder.




回答4:


you can use -v option from cli, this facility is not available via Dockerfile

docker run -t -i -v <host_dir>:<container_dir> ubuntu /bin/bash

where host_dir is the directory from host which you want to mount. you don't need to worry about directory of container if it doesn't exist docker will create it.

If you do any changes in host_dir from host machine (under root privilege) it will be visible to container and vice versa.




回答5:


Is it possible that you use docker on OS X via boot2docker or something similar.

I've made the same experience - the command is correct but nothing (sensible) is mounted in the container, anyway.

As it turns out - it's already explained in the docker documentation. When you type docker run -v /var/logs/on/host:/var/logs/in/container ... then /var/logs/on/host is actually mapped from the boot2docker VM-image, not your Mac.

You'll have to pipe the shared folder through your VM to your actual host (the Mac in my case).




回答6:


[UPDATE] As of ~June 2017, Docker for Mac takes care of all the annoying parts of this where you have to mess with VirtualBox. It lets you map basically everything on your local host using the /private prefix. More info here. [/UPDATE]

All the current answers talk about Boot2docker. Since that's now deprecated in favor of docker-machine, this works for docker-machine:

First, ssh into the docker-machine vm and create the folder we'll be mapping to:

docker-machine ssh $MACHINE_NAME "sudo mkdir -p \"$VOL_DIR\""

Now share the folder to VirtualBox:

WORKDIR=$(basename "$VOL_DIR")
vboxmanage sharedfolder add "$MACHINE_NAME" --name "$WORKDIR" --hostpath "$VOL_DIR" --transient

Finally, ssh into the docker-machine again and mount the folder we just shared:

docker-machine ssh $MACHINE_NAME "sudo mount -t vboxsf -o uid=\"$U\",gid=\"$G\" \"$WORKDIR\" \"$VOL_DIR\""

Note: for UID and GID you can basically use whatever integers as long as they're not already taken.

This is tested as of docker-machine 0.4.1 and docker 1.8.3 on OS X El Capitan.




回答7:


I'm just experimenting with getting my SailsJS app running inside a Docker container to keep my physical machine clean.

I'm using the following command to mount my SailsJS/NodeJS application under /app:

cd my_source_code_folder
docker run -it -p 1337:1337 -v $(pwd):/app my_docker/image_with_nodejs_etc



回答8:


docker run -v /host/directory:/container/directory -t IMAGE-NAME /bin/bash

docker run -v /root/shareData:/home/shareData -t kylemanna/openvpn /bin/bash

In my system I've corrected the answer from nhjk, it works flawless when you add the -t flag.




回答9:


Jul 2015 update - boot2docker now supports direct mounting. You can use -v /var/logs/on/host:/var/logs/in/container directly from your Mac prompt, without double mounting




回答10:


I've been having the same issue. My command line looked like this:

docker run --rm -i --name $NAME -v `pwd`:/sources:z $NAME

The problem was with 'pwd'. So I changed that to $(pwd):

docker run --rm -i --name $NAME -v $(pwd):/sources:z $NAME



回答11:


If the host is windows 10 then instead of forward slash, use backward slash -

docker run -it -p 12001:80 -v c:\Users\C\Desktop\dockerStorage:/root/sketches

Make sure the host drive is shared (C in this case). In my case I got a prompt asking for share permission after running the command above.




回答12:


As of Docker 18-CE, you can use docker run -v /src/path:/container/path to do 2-way binding of a host folder.

There is a major catch here though if you're working with Windows 10/WSL and have Docker-CE for Windows as your host and then docker-ce client tools in WSL. WSL knows about the entire / filesystem while your Windows host only knows about your drives. Inside WSL, you can use /mnt/c/projectpath, but if you try to docker run -v ${PWD}:/projectpath, you will find in the host that /projectpath/ is empty because on the host /mnt means nothing.

If you work from /c/projectpath though and THEN do docker run -v ${PWD}:/projectpath and you WILL find that in the container, /projectpath will reflect /c/projectpath in realtime. There are no errors or any other ways to detect this issue other than seeing empty mounts inside your guest.

You must also be sure to "share the drive" in the Docker for Windows settings.




回答13:


For Windows 10 users, it is important to have the mount point inside the C:/Users/ directory. I tried for hours to get this to work. This post helped but it was not obvious at first as the solution for Windows 10 is a comment to an accepted answer. This is how I did it:

docker run -it -p 12001:80 -v //c/Users/C/Desktop/dockerStorage:/root/sketches \
<your-image-here> /bin/bash

Then to test it, you can do echo TEST > hostTest.txt inside your image. You should be able to see this new file in the local host folder at C:/Users/C/Desktop/dockerStorage/.




回答14:


I found that any directory laying under system directive like /var, /usr, /etc could not be mount under the container.

The directive should be at user's space -v switch instructs docker daemon to mount local directory to the container, for example:

docker run -t -d -v /{local}/{path}:/{container}/{path} --name {container_name} {imagename}



回答15:


boot2docker together with VirtualBox Guest Additions
How to mount /Users into boot2docker

https://medium.com/boot2docker-lightweight-linux-for-docker/boot2docker-together-with-virtualbox-guest-additions-da1e3ab2465c

tl;dr Build your own custom boot2docker.iso with VirtualBox Guest Additions (see link) or download http://static.dockerfiles.io/boot2docker-v1.0.1-virtualbox-guest-additions-v4.3.12.iso and save it to ~/.boot2docker/boot2docker.iso.




回答16:


How do I link the main_folder to the test_container folder present inside the docker container?

Your command below is correct, unless your on a mac using boot2docker(depending on future updates) in which case you may find the folder empty. See mattes answer for a tutorial on correcting this.

docker run -d -v /Users/kishore/main_folder:/test_container k3_s3:latest

I need to make this run automatically, how to do that without really using the run -d -v command.

You can't really get away from using these commands, they are intrinsic to the way docker works. You would be best off putting them into a shell script to save you writing them out repeatedly.

What happens if boot2docker crashes? Where are the docker files stored?

If you manage to use the -v arg and reference your host machine then the files will be safe on your host.

If you've used 'docker build -t myimage .' with a Dockerfile then your files will be baked into the image.

Your docker images, i believe, are stored in the boot2docker-vm. I found this out when my images disappeared when i delete the vm from VirtualBox. (Note, i don't know how Virtualbox works, so the images might be still hidden somewhere else, just not visible to docker).




回答17:


Had the same problem. Found this in the docker documentation:

Note: The host directory is, by its nature, host-dependent. For this reason, you can’t mount a host directory from Dockerfile, the VOLUME instruction does not support passing a host-dir, because built images should be portable. A host directory wouldn’t be available on all potential hosts.

So, mounting a read/write host directory is only possible with the -v parameter in the docker run command, as the other answers point out correctly.




回答18:


To get this working in Windows 10 I had to open the Docker Settings window from the system tray and go to the Shared Drives section.

I then checked the box next to C. Docker asked for my desktop credentials to gain authorisation to write to my Users folder.

Then I ran the docker container following examples above and also the example on that settings page, attaching to /data in the container. 

docker run -v c:/Users/<user.name>/Desktop/dockerStorage:/data -other -options



回答19:


Note that in Windows you'll have to provide the absolute path.

  • Host: Windows 10
  • Container: Tensorflow Notebook

Below worked for me.

docker run -t -i -v D:/projects/:/home/chankeypathak/work -p 8888:8888 jupyter/tensorflow-notebook /bin/bash



回答20:


i had same issues , i was trying to mount C:\Users\ folder on docker
this is how i did it Docker Toolbox command line

 $ docker run -it --name <containername> -v /c/Users:/myVolData <imagename>



回答21:


Here's an example with a Windows path:

docker run -P -it --name organizr --mount src="/c/Users/MyUserName/AppData/Roaming/DockerConfigs/Organizr",dst=/config,type=bind organizrtools/organizr-v2:latest

As a side note, during all of this hair pulling, having to wrestle with figuring out, and retyping paths over and over and over again, I decided to whip up a small AutoHotkey script to convert a Windows path to a "Docker Windows" formatted path. This way all I have to do is copy any Windows path that I want to use as a mount point to the clipboard, press the "Apps Key" on the keyboard, and it'll format it into a path format that Docker appreciates.

For example:

Copy this to your clipboard:

C:\Users\My PC\AppData\Roaming\DockerConfigs\Organizr

press the Apps Key while the cursor is where you want it on the command-line, and it'll paste this there:

"/c/Users/My PC/AppData/Roaming/DockerConfigs/Organizr"

Saves a lot to time for me. Here it is for anyone else who may find it useful.

; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;
; Docker Utility: Convert a Windows Formatted Path to a Docker Formatter Path
;                   Useful for (example) when mounting Windows volumes via the command-line.
;
; By:       J. Scott Elblein
; Version:  1.0
; Date:     2/5/2019
;
; Usage:    Cut or Copy the Windows formatted path to the clipboard, press the AppsKey on your keyboard
;           (usually right next to the Windows Key), it'll format it into a 'docker path' and enter it
;           into the active window. Easy example usage would be to copy your intended volume path via
;           Explorer, place the cursor after the "-v" in your Docker command, press the Apps Key and
;           then it'll place the formatted path onto the line for you.
;
; TODO::    I may or may not add anything to this depending on needs. Some ideas are:
;           
;           - Add a tray menu with the ability to do some things, like just replace the unformatted path
;               on the clipboard with the formatted one rather than enter it automatically.
;           - Add 'smarter' handling so the it first confirms that the clipboard text is even a path in
;               the first place. (would need to be able to handle Win + Mac + Linux)
;           - Add command-line handling so the script doesn't need to always be in the tray, you could
;               just pass the Windows path to the script, have it format it, then paste and close.
;               Also, could have it just check for a path on the clipboard upon script startup, if found
;               do it's job, then exit the script.
;           - Add an 'all-in-one' action, to copy the selected Windows path, and then output the result.
;           - Whatever else comes to mind.
;
; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#NoEnv
SendMode Input
SetWorkingDir %A_ScriptDir%

AppsKey::

    ; Create a new var, store the current clipboard contents (should be a Windows path)
    NewStr := Clipboard

    ; Rip out the first 2 chars (should be a drive letter and colon) & convert the letter to lowercase
    ; NOTE: I could probably replace the following 3 lines with a regexreplace, but atm I'm lazy and in a rush.
    tmpVar := SubStr(NewStr, 1, 2)
    StringLower, tmpVar, tmpVar

    ; Replace the uppercase drive letter and colon with the lowercase drive letter and colon
    NewStr := StrReplace(NewStr, SubStr(NewStr, 1, 2), tmpVar)

    ; Replace backslashes with forward slashes
    NewStr := StrReplace(NewStr,  "\", "/")

    ; Replace all colons with nothing
    NewStr := StrReplace(NewStr, ":", "")

    ; Remove the last char if it's a trailing forward slash
    NewStr :=  RegExReplace(NewStr, "/$")

    ; Append a leading forward slash if not already there
    if RegExMatch(NewStr, "^/") == 0
        NewStr :=  "/" . NewStr

    ; If there are any spaces in the path ... wrap in double quotes
    if RegExMatch(NewStr, " ") > 0
        NewStr :=  """" . NewStr . """"

    ; Send the result to the active window
    SendInput % NewStr



回答22:


I had the same requirement to mount host directory from container and I used volume mount command. But during testing noticed that it's creating files inside container too but after some digging found that they are just symbolic links and actual file system used form host machine.




回答23:


On Mac OS:

docker run -it -v /Users/<name>/projects/:/projects <container_name> bash

ls /projects



来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23439126/how-to-mount-a-host-directory-in-a-docker-container

标签
Docker
mount
boot2docker
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