问题
Wants to create an application storing data in memory. But i dont want the data to be lost even if my app crashes. What concept should i use? Should I use a shared memory, or is there some other concept that suits my requirement better.
回答1:
You are asking for persistence (or even orthogonal persistence) and/or for application checkpointing.
This is not possible (at least thru portable C++ code) in the general case for some arbitrary existing C++ code, e.g. because of ASLR, because of pointers on -or to- the local call stack, because of multi-threading, and because of external resources (sockets, opened files, ...), because the current continuation cannot be accessed, restored and handled in standard C++.
However, you might design your application with persistence in mind. This is a strong architectural requirement. You could for instance have every class contain some dumping method and its load factory function. Beware of shared pointers, and take into account that you could have cyclic references. Study garbage collection algorithms (e.g. in the Gc HandBook) which are similar to those needed for persistence (a copying GC is quite similar to a checkpointing algorithm).
Look also in serialization libraries (like libs11n). You might also consider persisting into textual format (e.g. JSON), perhaps inside some Sqlite database (or some real database like PostGreSQL or MongoDb....). I am doing this (in C) in my monimelt software.
You might also consider checkpointing libraries like BLCR
The important thing is to think about persistence & checkpointing very early at design time. Thinking of your application as some specialized bytecode interpreter or VM might help (notably if you want to persist continuations, or some form of "call stack").
You could fork your process (assuming you are on Linux or Posix) before persistence. Hence, persistence time does not matter that much (e.g. if you persist every hour or every ten minutes).
Some language implementations are able to persist their entire state (notably their heap), e.g. SBCL (a good Common Lisp implementation) with its save-lisp-and-die, or Poly/ML -an ML dialect- with its SaveState, or Squeak (a Smalltalk implementation).
See also this answer & that one. J.Pitrat's blog has a related entry: CAIA as a sleeping beauty.
Persistency of data with code (e.g. vtables of objects, function pointers) might be technically difficult. dladdr(3) -with dlsym- might help (and, if you are able to code machine-specific things, consider the old getcontext(3), but I don't recommend that). Avoid name mangling (for dlsym) by declaring extern "C" all code related to persistence. If you want to persist some data and be able to restart from it with a slightly modified program (e.g. a small bugfix) things are much more complex.
More pragmatically, you could have a class representing your entire persistable state, and implement methods to persist (and reload it). You would then persist only at certain steps of your algorithm (e.g. if you have a main loop or an event loop, at start of that loop). You probably don't want to persist too often (e.g. because of the time and disk space required to persist), e.g. perhaps every ten minutes. You might perhaps consider some transaction log if it fits in the overall picture of your application.
回答2:
Use memory mapped files - mmap (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmap) And allocate all your structures inside mapped memory region. System will properly save mapped file to disk when your app crashes.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26881678/wants-to-create-an-application-storing-data-in-memory-but-i-dont-want-the-data