问题
There is one other question from Sep 2017 that addresses this same problem but does not have an answer: create a pivotchart with python win32com
I have tried several approaches to get this working so I want to explain these and hopefully get some insight from someone on how to get this working. This does not appear to be a well worn path so I do not have high hopes.
Environment details:
- Windows 10
- Office 2013
- Anaconda 3.6
I use
win32com.client.gencache.EnsureDispatch('Excel.Application')
but I can also use
win32com.client.DispatchEx('Excel.Application')
or
win32com.client.dynamic.Dispatch('Excel.Application')
Each one returns this CLSID win32com.gen_py.00020813-0000-0000-C000-000000000046x0x1x8
Each one also has the same error.
I also ran this command as per documentation here:
C:\Users\home_dir>python AppData\Local\Continuum\anaconda3\pkgs\pywin32-223-py36hfa6e2cd_1\Lib\site-packages\win32com\client\makepy.py -i "Microsoft Excel 15.0 Object Library"
Output generated from makepy.py:
Microsoft Excel 15.0 Object Library {00020813-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}, lcid=0, major=1, minor=8
>>> # Use these commands in Python code to auto generate .py support
>>> from win32com.client import gencache
>>> gencache.EnsureModule('{00020813-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}', 0, 1, 8)
This version of gencache did not work successfully:
Excel = win32com.client.gencache.EnsureModule('{00020813-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}', 0, 1, 8)
Source Data There are 100 rows and 18 columns in a Pandas Dataframe that I write to Excel using ExcelWriter
ew = pd.ExcelWriter('c:\devworkspace\SQL-Pandas-Excel\SampleData.xlsx')
sample_data_df.to_excel(ew, sheet_name='Source Data')
ew.save()
ew.close()
Excel = win32com.client.gencache.EnsureDispatch('Excel.Application')
win32c = win32com.client.constants
wb = Excel.Workbooks.Open('c:\devworkspace\SQL-Pandas-Excel\SampleData.xlsx')
src_sheet = wb.Worksheets('Source Data')
rng_row = 100
rng_col = 18
rng_beg = src_sheet.Cells(1,2)
rng_end = src_sheet.Cells(rng_row,rng_col)
pvt_src_rng = src_sheet.Range(rng_beg, rng_end)
pvt_src_rng.Select()
pvt_src = "%s!R1C2:R%dC%d"%(src_sheet.Name,rng_row+1,rng_col+1) #add 1 for header and df index
Pivot Cache I use PivotCaches().Create() as opposed to .Add() so I can specify Version=win32c.xlPivotTableVersion15 which is the correct version for office 2013. Otherwise it appeared to default to version 11.
pc = wb.PivotCaches().Create(SourceType=win32c.xlDatabase, SourceData=pvt_src, Version=win32c.xlPivotTableVersion15)
This change moved the dial but did not solve my problem - I am still getting an error and the chart is not getting created:
- The formatting on the pivot table is enhanced when I applied this change.
- The root error code changed from -2147024809 which is "The parameter is incorrect" To root error code -2146827284
Which it cannot translate to human readable message:
print(win32api.FormatMessage(error.excepinfo[5]))
error: (317, 'FormatMessageW', 'The system cannot find message text for message number 0x%1 in the message file for %2.')
Searching on this error code 2146827284 the discussions appear to be related to the excel object being busy. But Excel.Visible is set to 0 - also the default - so it is running in headless mode.
Adding Sheets, Creating the Pivot Table, Adding Fields is successful These are all wrapped in try-except in the actual code - removed for brevity.
pvt_sheet = wb.Sheets.Add(After=src_sheet)
pvt_sheet.Name = 'Pivot Sheet'
pvt_rng_beg = pvt_sheet.Cells(2,2)
pvt_rng_end = pvt_sheet.Cells(2,2)
pvt_dest_rng = pvt_sheet.Range(pvt_rng_beg, pvt_rng_end)
pt = pc.CreatePivotTable(TableDestination=pvt_dest_rng,TableName='PivotTable1')
pt.AddFields(RowFields="claimant_type_desc" , ColumnFields="claim_cause_desc" )
pt.AddDataField(Field=pt.PivotFields("total_direct_payment"), Caption="Total Incurred")
I can add a sheet or a chart as the "ChartDestination" but neither option alters the outcome. I can validate that the object is getting added successfully.
#chrt_sheet = wb.Charts.Add(After=pvt_sheet)
chrt_sheet = wb.Sheets.Add(After=pvt_sheet)
chrt_sheet.Name = 'Pivot Chart'
ChartDestination argument is the only required argument the other arguments are optional: XlChartType, Left, Top, Width, Height
Docs here:
Based on examples I pass the name of the sheet or chart object as a string 'Pivot Sheet'. That should work.
pch = pc.CreatePivotChart(ChartDestination='Pivot Chart')
Because the parameter is defined as a Variant then I explicitly assign the string to a Variant object. I tried a range of different variant types but that did not yield a different outcome.
chrt_sheet_name_variant = win32com.client.VARIANT(pythoncom.VT_BYREF | pythoncom.VT_BSTR, chrt_sheet.Name)
print(chrt_sheet_name_variant.value)
print(chrt_sheet_name_variant.varianttype)
print(chrt_sheet_name_variant.__class__)
print(type(chrt_sheet_name_variant))
pch = pc.CreatePivotChart(ChartDestination=chrt_sheet_name_variant)
#Output:
#Pivot Chart
#16392
#<class 'win32com.client.VARIANT'>
#<class 'win32com.client.VARIANT'>
This is the error that is generated:
File "C:\Users\xxxxxx\AppData\Local\Temp\gen_py\3.6\00020813-0000-0000-C000-000000000046x0x1x8\PivotCache.py", line 36, in CreatePivotChart
, XlChartType, Left, Top, Width, Height
com_error: (-2147352567, 'Exception occurred.', (0, None, None, None, 0, -2146827284), None)
回答1:
Thank you Boussif for finding the way on this.
Here is my working solution:
Generate a Pivot Chart from your Pivot Table
Using the Workbook object that we created earlier we can "insert" a Chart to our workbook and assign a name to our chart - name appears in the tab.
Because the Pivot Table is an object in the Pivot Cache - which is an object in the Workbook, the Chart object is added as a Pivot Chart and uses the Pivot Table as its the data.
Read the relevant documentation here:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/api/excel.workbook.charts
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/api/excel.chart(object)
chrt_sheet = wb.Charts.Add()
chrt_sheet.Name = 'Pivot Chart'
Specify the Chart Type
The chart type corresponds to the same Chart Types that are available in the Excel program.
Choose from a list of enumerated types.
For example a 3D Column Chart has a value of xl3DColumn coded as follows:
win32c.xl3DColumn
Use the win32c object ew defined earlier to reference all constant values including enumerated lists.
Documented here:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/api/excel.chart.charttype
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/api/excel.xlcharttype
chrt_sheet.ChartType = win32c.xl3DColumn
Set the Chart Title
The sheet object will not have a ChartTitle property until to set HasTitle Property to True
chrt_sheet.HasTitle = True
chrt_sheet.ChartTitle.Text = "Chart Title"
Set the Color Scheme
ChartColor values 10 - 26 correspond to the Change Colors menu on the DESIGN tab of the CHART TOOLS ribbon.
chrt_sheet.ChartColor = 13
Specify a Chart Layout
Layout is optional
Layouts are the same as the list of Layouts to choose from in the Excel program.
In this case they are not provided as an enumerated list. So you have to provide a number for the layout. It will generally be from 1 to 10. Layouts are different depending on the respective Chart Type. To find out which layout to choose you will need to run the Excel program and try each one. If you hover your mouse over the Layout option it will display a "Tool Tip" with the name of the Layout. For example: 'Layout 7'. You would provide the number associated with your respective layout.
you use the ApplyLayout method to choose the Layout:
ApplyLayout(Layout, Chart Type)
Documented here:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/api/excel.chart.applylayout
chrt_sheet.ApplyLayout(7, win32c.xl3DColumn)
Specify a Chart Style
Style is optional
Documentation states that 1 to 48 are valid values. However the correct range depends on which Chart Type is chosen.
Depending on the Chart Type 201 to 352 is also valid.
To get the numbers numbers that match the style selections that are available for your Chart Type:
- From the Developer Tab - Run a macro
- From the Chart Design Tab - Select all the styles
- From the Devloper Tab - Stop running the macro
- From the Developer Tab - Edit the macro
This will reveal the correct values for your case
For the 3D Column Chart Type, the range is 286 to 297
Relevant documentation here:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/office/vba/api/excel.chart.chartstyle
xlChartStyle = 294
chrt_sheet.ClearToMatchStyle
chrt_sheet.ChartStyle = xlChartStyle
Chart Style Experiment
If you are curious and want to see what each one looks like then run this code
hint: Remove the comments '#'
#import time
#from time import sleep
#for xlChartStyle in range(286, 297):
# try:
# chrt_sheet.ClearToMatchStyle
# chrt_sheet.ChartStyle = xlChartStyle
# chrt_sheet.ChartTitle.Text = "Chart Style = "+str(xlChartStyle)
# sleep(1)
# except pythoncom.com_error as error:
# print("Chart Style = %s" % str(xlChartStyle))
Format Axis Labels
There are three Axis dimensions specified by the XlAxisType Enumeration
- X axis = xlCategory
- Y Axis = xlValue
- Z Axis = xlSeriesAxis (3D Charts only)
In this example we are also removing the Z Axis Tick Labels
chrt_sheet.Axes(win32c.xlCategory).AxisTitle.Text = "X Axis Title"
chrt_sheet.Axes(win32c.xlSeries).TickLabelPosition = win32c.xlNone
chrt_sheet.Axes(win32c.xlSeries).HasTitle = True
chrt_sheet.Axes(win32c.xlSeries).AxisTitle.Text = "Z Axis Title"
chrt_sheet.Axes(win32c.xlValue).AxisTitle.Text = "Y Axis Title"
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/51953990/python-win32com-pivotcache-createpivotchart-error-exception-occurred