Parsing / Extracting Text from String in Rails?

问题

I have a string in Rails, e.g. "This is a Twitter message. #books War & Peace by Leo Tolstoy. I love this book!", and I want to parse the text and extract only certain phrases, like "War & Peace by Leo Tolstoy".

Is this a matter of using Regex and lifting the text between "#books" to "."?

What if there's no structure to the message, like: "This is a Twitter message #books War & Peace by Leo Tolstoy I love this book!" or "This is a Twitter message. I love the book War & Peace by Leo Tolstoy #books" How can I reliably pull the phrase "War & Peace by Leo Tolstoy" without knowing the phrase ex ante.

Are there any gems, methods, etc. that can help me do this?

At the very least, what would you call what I'm trying to do? It will help me search for a solution on Google. I've tried a few searches on "parsing" with no luck.

--- edit --- based on @rogeliog suggestion, I will add the following:

I can live with the garbage text that comes after #books, but nothing before. I tried "match.(/#books.*/)" -- results here: www.rubular.com/r/gM7oSZxF5M.

But how can I capture Result #6? (e.g., when someone puts #books at the end of the sentence)?

Is there a way for me to do an if-then with regex? Something like:

if [#books is at the end of the message],

then [take the last 10 words preceding #books],

else [match.(/#books.*/)]

If you offer a regex, please post your solution via a permalink using rubular.com

回答1:

I Think that you are trying to parse some pretty complex variations. Do you have a DB with all the book titles? That will help allot.

To get out the title from the first example("This is a Twitter message. #books War & Peace by Leo Tolstoy. I love this book!") you can simply:

"This is a Twitter message. #books War & Peace by Leo Tolstoy. I love this book".match(/#book.*\./).to_s.gsub("#books",'')

That will return: " War & Peace by Leo Tolstoy."

If you want to do an if else statement depending if #books is at the end or not, you can:

if text.match(/#books$/)
  puts text.match(/([^\s]*\s){10}(#books$)/).to_s
else
  puts text.match(/#books.*/).to_s.gsub("#books",'')
end

That will give you the last 10 words preceding books if #books is at the end, and whatever it is after #books if it is not at the end

I dont really have a better idea, hope that works for you, let me know:)

回答2:

I think what you're going to need is Natural Language Processing. It's a very large field and has many techniques and applications. With Ruby in particular you may want to look at the Ruby Linguistics project.

Good luck to you, parsing and processing natural language is not an easy thing to do.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6475013/parsing-extracting-text-from-string-in-rails