问题
I have made a Tkinter program that reads from a modbus slave device. Every second it reads the device and displays the output onto labels. However, I have multiple tabs that run the same code for each device connected. While a device is being read, the whole GUI freezes so you can't move the program or press buttons until it is done reading. Would multiprocessing help with freezing? If so, how could I implement it?
Here is my code:
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from time import time
import minimalmodbus
import serial
minimalmodbus.CLOSE_PORT_AFTER_EACH_CALL = True
class Page(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
def show(self):
self.lift()
class Page1(Page):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
Page.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
self.gas = minimalmodbus.Instrument('COM3', 1)
self.gas.serial.baudrate = 9600
self.gas.serial.bytesize = 8
self.gas.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_NONE
self.gas.serial.stopbits = 1
self.gas.serial.timeout = 0.25
self.gas.mode = minimalmodbus.MODE_RTU
self.value_display = tk.Label(self, text='value', width=10)
self.value_display.pack(side="top")
self.unit_display = tk.Label(self, text='unit', width=10)
self.unit_display.pack(side="top")
self.gas_display = tk.Label(self, text='temp', width=10)
self.gas_display.pack(side="top")
self.status_display = tk.Label(self, text='status', width=10)
self.status_display.pack(side="top")
self.command_display = tk.Label(self, text='command', width=10)
self.command_display.pack(side="top")
self.pressure_display = tk.Label(self, text='pressure', width=10)
self.pressure_display.pack(side="top")
self.timer_button = tk.Button(self, text='Start', command=self.toggle)
self.timer_display = tk.Label(self, text='00:00', width=10)
self.timer_button.pack(side="top")
self.timer_display.pack(side="top")
self.paused = True
def gas_meth(self):
try:
gas_value = self.gas.read_registers(0,42)
self.value_display.config(text=gas_value[0])
self.unit_display.config(text=gas_value[1])
self.gas_display.config(text=gas_value[2])
self.status_display.config(text=gas_value[3])
self.command_display.config(text=gas_value[4])
self.pressure_display.config(text=gas_value[5])
except IOError:
self.gas_display.config(text="Lost con.")
except ValueError:
self.gas_display.config(text="RTU error")
self.gas_display.after(1000, self.gas_meth)
def toggle(self):
if self.paused:
self.paused = False
self.timer_button.config(text='Stop')
self.oldtime = time()
self.run_timer()
self.gas_meth()
else:
self.paused = True
self.oldtime = time()
self.timer_button.config(text='Start')
def run_timer(self):
if self.paused:
return
delta = int(time() - self.oldtime)
timestr = '{:02}:{:02}'.format(*divmod(delta, 60))
self.timer_display.config(text=timestr)
self.timer_display.after(500, self.run_timer)
class MainView(tk.Frame):
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
tk.Frame.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
p1 = Page1(self)
buttonframe = tk.Frame(self)
container = tk.Frame(self)
buttonframe.pack(side="top", fill="x", expand=False)
container.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
p1.place(in_=container, x=0, y=0, relwidth=1, relheight=1)
b1 = tk.Button(buttonframe, text="Page 1", command=p1.lift)
b1.pack(side="left")
p1.show()
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = tk.Tk()
main = MainView(root)
main.pack(side="top", fill="both", expand=True)
root.wm_geometry("1000x600")
root.mainloop()
回答1:
The general idea is to put the code that reads from the sensors in a thread, and have that code communicate with the GUI thread via a queue.
Here's a real quick hack to demonstrate the technique:
import tkinter as tk
import threading
import queue
import random
import time
class Example(object):
def __init__(self):
self.root = tk.Tk()
self.sensor_vars = []
self.root.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
for row, i in enumerate(range(3)):
var = tk.StringVar()
self.sensor_vars.append(var)
label = tk.Label(self.root, text="Sensor %d:" % i)
value = tk.Label(self.root, textvariable=var, width=4)
label.grid(row=row, column=0, sticky="e")
value.grid(row=row, column=1, sticky="w")
# create a queue for communication
self.queue = queue.Queue()
# create some sensors
self.sensors = []
for i in range(3):
sensor = Sensor(self.queue, i)
self.sensors.append(sensor)
sensor.setName("Sensor %d" % i)
# start polling the queue
self.poll_queue()
def start(self):
# start the sensors
for sensor in self.sensors:
sensor.start()
# start the GUI loop
self.root.mainloop()
# wait for the threads to finish
for sensor in self.sensors:
sensor.stop()
sensor.join()
def poll_queue(self):
if not self.queue.empty():
message = self.queue.get()
index = message["index"]
self.sensor_vars[index].set(message["value"])
self.root.after(100, self.poll_queue)
class Sensor(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, queue, index):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.queue = queue
self.index = index
self.stop_requested = False
def stop(self):
self.stop_requested = True
def run(self):
for i in range(10):
if self.stop_requested:
break
value = random.randint(10, 100)
self.queue.put({"index": self.index, "value": value})
time.sleep(1)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = Example()
app.start()
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44548946/tkinter-multiprocessing-on-events-that-happen-per-second