问题
I'm trying to generate a certificate on a Digital Ocean droplet running Ubuntu 12.04 following this guide: https://certbot.eff.org/#ubuntuother-other
I see the following error:
./certbot-auto certonly
... Creating virtual environment... Installing Python packages... ... copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/commoncrypto/hmac.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/cryptography/hazmat/backends/commoncrypto copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/commoncrypto/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/cryptography/hazmat/backends/commoncrypto copying src/cryptography/hazmat/backends/commoncrypto/ciphers.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.7/cryptography/hazmat/backends/commoncrypto running egg_info writing requirements to src/cryptography.egg-info/requires.txt writing src/cryptography.egg-info/PKG-INFO writing top-level names to src/cryptography.egg-info/top_level.txt writing dependency_links to src/cryptography.egg-info/dependency_links.txt writing entry points to src/cryptography.egg-info/entry_points.txt warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found reading manifest file 'src/cryptography.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in' no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build' warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'vectors' writing manifest file 'src/cryptography.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' running build_ext generating cffi module 'build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_padding.c' creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7 generating cffi module 'build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_constant_time.c' generating cffi module 'build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_openssl.c' building '_openssl' extension creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/build creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7 gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_openssl.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/_openssl.o gcc: internal compiler error: Killed (program cc1) Please submit a full bug report, with preprocessed source if appropriate. See <file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.6/README.Bugs> for instructions. error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 4 ---------------------------------------- Command "/root/.local/share/letsencrypt/bin/python2.7 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-7RK5lP/cryptography/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace(' ', ' '), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-sdFAkd-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /root/.local/share/letsencrypt/include/site/python2.7/cryptography" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-7RK5lP/cryptography You are using pip version 8.0.3, however version 8.1.2 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
I have successfully run this on 2 other similar servers with no issues. Any ideas?
Edit
Found related Github issue: https://github.com/certbot/certbot/issues/1081
Appears to be memory related rather than Python. Attempted to stop apache service to free up memory but seeing same error.
回答1:
The servers that I had successfully run certbot on had 2 GB memory, this one only has 512 MB, which seems to be the issue. Added a swap file and certbot runs successfully.
--
Certbot related issue: https://github.com/certbot/certbot/issues/1081
python-cryptography apparently tries to compile a pretty big C binding, and gcc crashes due to lack of free memory.
Used this guide to create swap space: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-add-swap-on-ubuntu-14-04
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38597326/letsencrypt-certbot-error