Base converter binary to octal

问题

I'm writing a base converter because I have a test soon and I need to convert a binary number in 3 different bases: octal, decimal and hexadecimal. I've already written the code that convert a binary string into decimal and hexadecimal.

function bintodec(Value:string;dec:TEdit;hexadec:TEdit): Integer;
 var             //dec and hexadec are the TEdits where I will put the result
  i, iValueSize: Integer;
  Edit2,f:TEdit;
begin
  Result := 0;
  iValueSize := Length(Value);
  for i := iValueSize downto 1 do
    begin
      if Value[i] = '1' then Result := Result + (1 shl (iValueSize - i));
    end;
  dec.Text:=(IntToStr(Result));        //dec. number
  hexadec.Text:=(IntToHex(Result,8));  //hexadec. number
end;

As you can see here, the function takes a string (for example 10101001) and puts into 2 different edit the result.

I've made a function that convert a decimal number into an octal number but when I press the SpeedButton Calc. I have an error. It says that project1 raised a class exception 'External: SIGSEGV' and then near to Unit1 I see the page control.inc. I've searched on google a solution but I didn't find useful answers.

function dec2oct(mystring:Integer): String;
  var
  a: String;
  getal_met_rest : Double;
  Edit2:TEdit;
  begin
    while mystring> 0 do
         begin
            getal_met_rest := getal / 8;
            a:= a + IntToStr(mystring - (trunc(getal_met_rest)*8));
            getal := trunc(getal_met_rest);
         end;
    dec2oct:=ReverseString(a);
    Edit2.text:=dec2oct
  end; 

I didn't find a way for binary-octal conversion, so once I've converted from binary to decimal, I call the function dec2oct . I call the functions in this way:

var a:smallint;
begin
 bintodec(Edit1.Text,Edit3,Edit4);
 dec2oct(Edit3.Text); //Edit3 contains the number on base 10
end;

Could you help me?

回答1:

I would usually use string or character arrays and bit arithmetic for such conversions. For instance:

function Int2Oct(invalue: integer): ShortString;
  const
    tt: array[0..7] of char = ('0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7');
  var
    tempval: integer;
  begin
    Result := '';
    tempval := invalue;
    if tempval = 0 then
      Result := '0'
    else
      while (tempval <> 0) do
        begin
          Result := tt[(tempval and $7)] + Result;
          tempval := (tempval shr 3);
        end;
  end;

Seems to work in the short little bit of time that I tested it as long as you don't expect it to handle negative numbers. Edit: It handles zero now.

回答2:

Here's a function that works somewhat like the C runtime library's itoa function, converting a positive integer value (Cardinal in Delphi) to a specified radix between 2 and 36. It's been tested under Delphi 2007 and XE4.

type
  TRadixRange = 2..36;

function ConvertIntToBase(value : Cardinal; Radix : TRadixRange) : string;
const
  Digits: array[0..35] of Char = ('0', '1', '2', '3',
                                  '4', '5', '6', '7',
                                  '8', '9', 'A', 'B',
                                  'C', 'D', 'E', 'F',
                                  'G', 'H', 'I', 'J',
                                  'K', 'L', 'M', 'N',
                                  'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R',
                                  'S', 'T', 'U', 'V',
                                  'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z');
var
  nIndex : Integer;
begin
  Result := '';
  repeat
    nIndex := value mod radix;
    Result := Digits[nIndex] + Result;
    Value := Value div radix;
  until Value = 0;
end;

Just for fun, I decided to write a function to "undo" the conversion (convert from another radix back to decimal (base 10)). It's also modeled (very loosely) after the C RTL function atoi, except it requires you to pass in the radix of the number being passed.

function ConvertBaseToInt(const Value: string; const Radix: TRadixRange): Cardinal;
var
  i: Integer;
  Increment: Byte;
begin
  Result := 0;
  for i := 1 to Length(Value) do
  begin
    case Value[i] of
      '0'..'9': Increment := Ord(Value[i]) - Ord('0');
      'A'..'Z',
      'a'..'z': Increment := Ord(Value[i]) - Ord('A') + 10;
    else
      Increment := 0;
    end;
  end;
  Result := Result * Radix + Increment;
end;

Note that ConvertIntToBase was tested with many numeric inputs, but I can only validate those bases supported by Windows Calculator in programmer mode (binary (base 2), octal (base 8), decimal (base 10, which I did not test), and hex (base 16)), as I don't have a calculator that will support other radix values and didn't want to do the work by hand. ;-)

ConvertBaseToInt was tested by passing in the test values of ConvertIntToBase and confirming that what went into one was what came back out of the other; IOW, that a number converted into binary by ConvertIntToBase would result in the same number when run back through ConvertBaseToInt.

You can test it with something similar to this in a console application:

var
  TempStr: string;
  Reversed: Integer;
  i: Integer;
  Base: Byte;
const
  FmtStr = 'Value (base %d): %d  %s and back %d';
begin
  for i := 0 to 16 do
  begin
    for Base in [2, 8, 16] do  
    begin
      // Test bin, oct, and hex for a range of values from 0..65536
      TempStr := ConvertIntToBase(1 shl i, Base);
      Reversed := ConvertBaseToInt(TempStr, Base);
      Writeln(Format(FmtStr, [Base, 1 shl i, TempStr, Reversed]));
    end;
  end;
  Readln;
end.

回答3:

program project1;

uses
    SysUtils, StrUtils;

begin
    // StrToInt function supports constants syntax: 
    // & - octal notation
    // $ - hexadecimal notation
    // % - binary notation
    Writeln(StrToInt('123'));
    Writeln(StrToInt('&173'))
    Writeln(StrToInt('$7B'));
    Writeln(StrToInt('%01111011'));

    // There are three functions for converting integer value to decimal, hexadecimal and binary notation
    Writeln(IntToStr(123));
    Writeln(IntToHex(123, 2));
    Writeln(intToBin(123, 8));

    Readln;
end.

For other bases answer of Ken White is very usefull.

But in the unit StrUtils such functions already exists:

Dec2Numb
Synopsis: Convert a decimal number to a string representation, using given a base.
Declaration: function Dec2Numb(N: LongInt;Len: Byte;Base: Byte) : string
Visibility: default
Description: Dec2Numb converts N to its representation using base Base. The resulting string is left-padded
with zeroes till it has length Len. Base must be in the range 2-36 to be meaningful, but no checking
on this is performed.
Errors: If Base is out of range, the resulting string will contain unreadable (non-alphanumeric) characters.


Numb2Dec
Synopsis: Converts a string representation of a number to its numerical value, given a certain base.
Declaration: function Numb2Dec(S: string;Base: Byte) : LongInt
Visibility: default
Description: Numb2Dec converts the number in string S to a decimal value. It assumes the number is represented
using Base as the base. No checking is performed to see whether S contains a valid number using
base Base.
Errors: None.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16778861/base-converter-binary-to-octal