Query for array elements inside JSON type

问题

I\'m trying to test out the json type in PostgreSQL 9.3.
I have a json column called data in a table called reports. The JSON looks something like this:

{
  \"objects\": [
    {\"src\":\"foo.png\"},
    {\"src\":\"bar.png\"}
  ],
  \"background\":\"background.png\"
}

I would like to query the table for all reports that match the \'src\' value in the \'objects\' array. For example, is it possible to query the DB for all reports that match \'src\' = \'foo.png\'? I successfully wrote a query that can match the \"background\":

SELECT data AS data FROM reports where data->>\'background\' = \'background.png\'

But since \"objects\" has an array of values, I can\'t seem to write something that works. Is it possible to query the DB for all reports that match \'src\' = \'foo.png\'? I\'ve looked through these sources but still can\'t get it:

http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/functions-json.html
How do I query using fields inside the new PostgreSQL JSON datatype?
http://michael.otacoo.com/postgresql-2/postgres-9-3-feature-highlight-json-operators/

I\'ve also tried things like this but to no avail:

SELECT json_array_elements(data->\'objects\') AS data from reports
WHERE  data->>\'src\' = \'foo.png\';

I\'m not an SQL expert, so I don\'t know what I am doing wrong.

回答1:

`json` in Postgres 9.3+

Unnest the JSON array with the function json_array_elements() in a lateral join in the FROM clause and test for its elements:

WITH reports(data) AS (
   VALUES ('{"objects":[{"src":"foo.png"}, {"src":"bar.png"}]
           , "background":"background.png"}'::json)
   ) 
SELECT *
FROM   reports r, json_array_elements(r.data#>'{objects}') obj
WHERE  obj->>'src' = 'foo.png';

The CTE (WITH query) just substitutes for a table reports.
Or, equivalent for just a single level of nesting:

SELECT *
FROM   reports r, json_array_elements(r.data->'objects') obj
WHERE  obj->>'src' = 'foo.png';

->>, -> and #> operators are explained in the manual.

Both queries use an implicit JOIN LATERAL.

SQL Fiddle.

Closely related answer:

Query for element of array in JSON column

`jsonb` in Postgres 9.4+

Use the equivalent jsonb_array_elements().

Better yet, use the new "contains" operator @> (best in combination with a matching GIN index on the expression data->'objects'):

CREATE INDEX reports_data_gin_idx ON reports
USING gin ((data->'objects') jsonb_path_ops);

SELECT * FROM reports WHERE data->'objects' @> '[{"src":"foo.png"}]';

Since the key objects holds a JSON array, we need to match the structure in the search term and wrap the array element into square brackets, too. Drop the array brackets when searching a plain record.

Detailed explanation and more options:

Index for finding an element in a JSON array

回答2:

Create a table with column as type json

# CREATE TABLE friends ( id serial primary key, data jsonb);

Now let's insert json data

# INSERT INTO friends(data) VALUES ('{"name": "Arya", "work": ["Improvements", "Office"], "available": true}');

# INSERT INTO friends(data) VALUES ('{"name": "Tim Cook", "work": ["Cook", "ceo", "Play"], "uses": ["baseball", "laptop"], "available": false}');

Now let's make some queries to fetch data

# select data->'name' from friends;

# select data->'name' as name, data->'work' as work from friends;

You might have noticed that the results comes with inverted comma( " ) and brackets ([ ])

    name    |            work            
------------+----------------------------
 "Arya"     | ["Improvements", "Office"]
 "Tim Cook" | ["Cook", "ceo", "Play"]
(2 rows)

Now to retrieve only the values just use ->>

# select data->>'name' as name, data->'work'->>0 as work from friends;

#select data->>'name' as name, data->'work'->>0 as work from friends where data->>'name'='Arya';