问题
I'm looking for a simple and efficient way to store UTF-8 strings in ASCII-7. With efficient I mean the following:
- all ASCII alphanumeric chars in the input should stay the same ASCII alphanumeric chars in the output
- the resulting string should be as short as possible
- the operation needs to be reversable without any data loss
- the resulting ASCII string should be case insensitive
- there should be no restriction on the input length
- the whole UTF-8 range should be allowed
My first idea was to use Punycode (IDNA) as it fits the first four requirements, but it fails at the last two.
Can anyone recommend an alternative encoding scheme? Even better if there's some code available to look at.
回答1:
UTF-7, or, slightly less transparent but more widespread, quoted-printable.
all ASCII chars in the input should stay ASCII chars in the output
(Obviously not fully possible as you need at least one character to act as an escape.)
回答2:
Since ASCII covers the full range of 7-bit values, an encoding scheme that preserves all ASCII characters, is 7-bits long, and encodes the full Unicode range is not possible.
Edited to add:
I think I understand your requirements now. You are looking for a way to encode UTF-8 strings in a seven-bit code, in which, if that encoded string were interpreted as ASCII text, then the case of the alphabetic characters may be arbitrarily modified, and yet the decoded string will be byte-for-byte identical to the original.
If that's the case, then your best bet would probably be just to encode the binary representation of the original as a string of hexadecimal digits. I know you are looking for a more compact representation, but that's a pretty tall order given the other constraints of the system, unless some custom encoding is devised.
Since the hexadecimal representation can encode any arbitrary binary values, it might be possible to shrink the string by compressing them before taking the hex values.
回答3:
If you're talking about non-standard schemes - MECE
回答4:
URL encoding or numeric character references are two possible options.
回答5:
It depends on the distribution of characters in your strings.
Quoted-printable is good for mostly-ASCII strings because there's no overhead except with '=' and control characters. However, non-ASCII characters take an inefficient 6-12 bytes each, so if you have a lot of those, you'll want to consider UTF-7 or Base64 instead.
回答6:
Punycode is used for IDNA, but you can use it outside the restrictions imposed by it
Per se, Punycode doesn't fail your last 2 requirements:
>>> import sys
>>> _ = ("\U0010FFFF"*10000).encode("punycode")
>>> all(chr(c).encode("punycode") for c in range(sys.maxunicode))
True
(for idna, python supplies another homonymous encoding)
obviously, if you don't nameprep the input, the encoded string isn't strictly case-insensitive anymore... but if you supply only lowercase (or if you don't care about the decoded case) you should be good to go
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2567318/efficient-way-to-ascii-encode-utf-8