Replacing strings in lua containing special characters

问题

I want to replace string in lua. Here is the string.

strng='\begin{matrix}   1 & 2 & 3 \\    4 & 5 & 6 \\    7 & 8 & 10 \end{matrix}'

I want to replace

\begin{matrix} by {{
& by ,
\\ by },{
\end{matrix} by }}

I also want to remove all spaces. So the output will be

{{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,10}}

I have written the following function to do this.

function tempsubst(m1)
m1 = matrixprint(m1)
if type(m1) ~="string" then  return  m1 end
m1 = string.gsub(m1,"\begin%{matrix%}","{{" )
m1 = string.gsub(m1,"\\","},{" )
m1 = string.gsub(m1,"%&","," )
m1 = string.gsub(m1,"end%{matrix%}","}}" )
m1= string.gsub(m1 , "%s+", "")
return m1
end

This sometimes work but sometimes it does not work. There must be mistakes in the function. I am newbie to lua. Could the code be corrected? Any help will be appreciated. Thanks.

回答1:

When confused with escapes and backslashes, it's better to use long strings, which don't interpret those:

m1=[[\begin{matrix}   1 & 2 & 3 \\    4 & 5 & 6 \\    7 & 8 & 10 \end{matrix}]]
print(m1)
m1 = string.gsub(m1,[[\begin{matrix}]],"{{" )
m1 = string.gsub(m1,[[\\]],"},{" )
m1 = string.gsub(m1,[[&]],"," )
m1 = string.gsub(m1,[[\end{matrix}]],"}}" )
m1= string.gsub(m1 , [[%s+]], "")
print(m1)

回答2:

First of all your strings contain two escape sequences "\b" and "\e".

I suppose you mean "\\b"? Escape each backslash!

Then you have the problem that you replace "\\" at any position with "},{". But at "\\end" you don't want that.

Because of that, after fixing the escape problem you get this output:

{{1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,10},{}}

So either replace \\ends first or change the other pattern so it won't affect "\\end"

Edit: if you get a string from outside like

\\

your pattern is "\\\\" as you have to create a literal string with 2 backslashs which requires you to escape both, resulting in four backslashs. This pattern matches two backslash characters in a string.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/57215092/replacing-strings-in-lua-containing-special-characters