问题

I'm trying to implement a map with different access keys using variadic templates in c++. What I want to get is to make such syntax work:

MultikeyMap<int, double, float> map1; // int and double are keys, float is value type 
map1[ 2 ] = 3.5;
map1[ 5.7 ] = 22;

MultikeyMap<unsigned long long, int, float, double, int> map2; // more keys, int is value type
map2[100000000000ULL] = 56;

// etc...

What I have now looks like:

template<class V, class... Krest>
class MultikeyMap;

template<class V, class K, class... Krest>
class MultikeyMap<V, K, Krest...> : protected std::map<K, V>,
                                    protected MultikeyMap<V, Krest...>
{
public:
    template<class T>
    void insert( const T& t, const V& v )
    {
        std::map<T, V>::insert( make_pair( t, v ));
    }

    template<class T>
    const V* find( const T& k )
    {
        typedef std::map<T,V> currentMap;
        currentMap::const_iterator it = currentMap::find( k );
        return it == currentMap::end() ? 0 : &it->second;
    }

};

template<class V>
class MultikeyMap<V>
{};

I didn't return iterators in insert and find to make the code simple.

I see two major defects in this solution.

First, the value type goes first in template arguments list. Initially I tried to write

template<class K, class... Krest, class V>
class MultikeyMap<K, Krest..., V>

but compiler insists that "if an argument for a class template partial specialization is a pack expansion it shall be the last argument".

Second is the protected inheritance from std::maps. I would really like to use composition instead of that, but in that case I don't see a way to access the stored maps. If there was a static_if, I would write

template<class V, class K, class... Krest>
class MultikeyMap<V, K, Krest...> : protected MultikeyMap<V, Krest...>
{
public:
    template<class T>
    void insert( const T& t, const V& v )
    {
        static if( is_same<T,K>::value )
            m_map.insert( make_pair( t, v ));
        else
            MultikeyMap<V, Krest...>::insert( t, v );
    }
private:
    std::map<K,V> m_map;
};

Please advice on the problems I mentioned. If there is a better approach, I'll be glad to learn.

Thanks for reading.

回答1:

Easier but not entirely equivalent approaches are probably Boost.Bimap or Boost.MultiIndex.

The former is a map with where keys can lookup values and vice versa, whereas the latter is much more general: it is a container with an arbitrary number of indices, allowing both sequenced ("list-like"), random-access ("vector-like"), associative ("map-like") and hashed access.

You could try to wrap your variadic templates around Boost.MultiIndex, then at least you don't have to reimplement all the insertion/erasure logic (but only thin wrappers).

Note: Boost.MultiIndex does not require a variadic sequence of types, you can also have a variadic sequence of member functions extracting various data members of a user-defined class as the primary data type.

回答2:

Here's how I would do it:

template<class V, class K, class... Krest>
class MultikeyMap : MultikeyMap<V, Krest...>,
                    MultikeyMap<V, K>
{
    using ParentMM = MultikeyMap<V, Krest...>;
    using Parent = MultikeyMap<V, K>;
public:
    using ParentMM::insert;
    using Parent::insert;

    using ParentMM::find;
    using Parent::find;

    using ParentMM::operator[];
    using Parent::operator[];
};

template<class V, class K>
class MultikeyMap<V, K>
{
    std::map<K, V> k_map;
public:
    void insert(const K& k, const V& v)
    {
        k_map.insert(std::make_pair(k, v));
    }

    const V* find( const K& k ) const
    {
        auto it = k_map.find(k);
        if (it != k_map.end())
            return &it->second;
        return nullptr;
    }

    V& operator[](const K& k)
    {
        return k_map[k];
    }
};

Inheritance seems appropriate here, as it is combining the behaviour of multiple implementations. I made bases private because the using declaration is required either way to make the members visible. Only the base case has a std::map as a member.

I'm not going to bother reversing the template arguments, it's the same trick used for std::tuple, just look up your favourite STL implementation.

EDIT

Here's the same code, with the trivial change I mentioned, so keys come first in the type parameters:

template<class Head, class... Tail>
struct Helper : Helper<Tail...> {
    using Last = typename Helper<Tail...>::Last;
};

template<class T>
struct Helper<T> {
    using Last = T;
};


template<class K, class... Rest>
class MultikeyMap : MultikeyMap<Rest...>,
                    MultikeyMap<K, typename Helper<Rest...>::Last>
{
    using ParentMM = MultikeyMap<Rest...>;
    using Parent = MultikeyMap<K, typename Helper<Rest...>::Last>;

public:
    using ParentMM::insert;
    using Parent::insert;

    using ParentMM::find;
    using Parent::find;

    using ParentMM::operator[];
    using Parent::operator[];
};

template<class K, class V>
class MultikeyMap<K, V>
{
    std::map<K, V> k_map;
public:
    void insert(const K& k, const V& v)
    {
        k_map.insert(std::make_pair(k, v));
    }

    const V* find( const K& k ) const
    {
        auto it = k_map.find(k);
        if (it != k_map.end())
            return &it->second;
        return nullptr;
    }

    V& operator[](const K& k)
    {
        return k_map[k];
    }
};

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19153875/multikey-map-using-variadic-templates

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c++