Reference value of serial column in another column during same INSERT

问题

I have a table with a SERIAL primary key, and also an ltree column, whose value I want to be the concatenation of those primary keys. e.g.

id | path
----------
1    1
2    1.2
3    1.2.3
4    1.4
5    1.5

I'm curious if there's a way to do such an insert in one query, e.g.

INSERT INTO foo (id, ltree) VALUES (DEFAULT, THIS.id::text)

I'm probably overreaching here and trying to do in one query what I should be doing in two (grouped in a transaction).

回答1:

You could use a subquery or a writable CTE to retrieve the value from the sequence once and use it repeatedly:

WITH i AS (
   SELECT nextval('foo_id_seq') AS id
   )
INSERT INTO foo (id, ltree)
SELECT id, '1.' || id
FROM   i;

Data-modifying CTE requires Postgres 9.1 or later.

If you are not sure about the name of the sequence you can use pg_get_serial_sequence() instead:

WITH i AS (
   SELECT nextval(pg_get_serial_sequence('foo', 'id')) AS id
   )
INSERT INTO foo (id, ltree)
SELECT id, '1.' || id
FROM   i;

If the table name "foo" might not be unique across all schema in the DB, you can schema-qualify it. And if the spelling of any name is non-standard, you have to double-quote:

pg_get_serial_sequence('"My_odd_Schema".foo', 'id')

---

Quick tests indicated @Mark's idea with lastval() could work too:

INSERT INTO foo (ltree) VALUES ('1.' || lastval());

• You can just leave id out of the query, the serial column will be assigned automatically. Makes no difference.

• There shouldn't be a race condition between rows. I quote the manual:

currval

Return the value most recently obtained by nextval for this sequence in the current session. (An error is reported if nextval has never been called for this sequence in this session.) Because this is returning a session-local value, it gives a predictable answer whether or not other sessions have executed nextval since the current session did.

lastval

Return the value most recently returned by nextval in the current session. This function is identical to currval, except that instead of taking the sequence name as an argument it fetches the value of the last sequence used by nextval in the current session. It is an error to call lastval if nextval has not yet been called in the current session.

Bold emphasis mine.

But, as @Bernard commented, it can fail after all. On second thought, this makes sense: there is no guarantee that the default value is filled (and nextval() called in the process) before lastval() is called to fill the 2nd column ltree. So stick with the first solution and nextval() to be sure.

回答2:

This worked in my test:

INSERT INTO foo (id, ltree) VALUES (DEFAULT, (SELECT last_value from foo_id_seq));

I think there's a race condition there if two INSERTs are happening at the same time, since this references the last sequence value, instead of the current row. I would personally be more inclined to do this (pseudo-code):

my $id = SELECT nextval('foo_id_seq');
INSERT INTO foo (id, ltree) VALUES ($id, '$id');

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12433075/reference-value-of-serial-column-in-another-column-during-same-insert