问题
I am using urllib (note not urllib2) and getting title of pages from user supplied urls. Unfortunately sometimes the url is not an HTML but some huge file or some very long running process on the remote site.
I have checked the python docs but urllib is limited and looking at the source it seems I could change it but I cannot do so on the server. there is mention of info() but no example on how to implement it.
I am using FancyURLopener which I guess is not available in urllib2 and I dont know if urllib2 can solve the problem
- Is there way to define a socket timeout?
- more importantly, how do I limit the request to HTML/XHTML content type only and ignore anything else totally i.e. I want to ensure the entire content is not downloaded
I am still going through urllib source and checking urllib2 but I am no expert on these tools.
回答1:
Here, it states that the info() method returns meta-information associated with the URL. You could use this to get the headers, and see what the Content-Type is (text/html), and if it's not what you want, discard the request.
>>> import urllib
>>> d = urllib.urlopen('http://www.google.com/')
>>> try:
... if d.info()['content-type'].startswith('text/html'):
... print 'its html'
... else:
... print 'its not html'
... except KeyError:
... print 'its not html'
...
its html
I've hacked together something quick to allow specifying a HEAD request for you in urllib. :)
import urllib
import socket
from urllib import unwrap, toBytes, quote, splittype, splithost, splituser, unquote, addinfourl
class MyURLOpener(urllib.FancyURLopener):
def open_http(self, url, data=None, method=None):
"""Use HTTP protocol."""
import httplib
user_passwd = None
proxy_passwd= None
if isinstance(url, str):
host, selector = splithost(url)
if host:
user_passwd, host = splituser(host)
host = unquote(host)
realhost = host
else:
host, selector = url
# check whether the proxy contains authorization information
proxy_passwd, host = splituser(host)
# now we proceed with the url we want to obtain
urltype, rest = splittype(selector)
url = rest
user_passwd = None
if urltype.lower() != 'http':
realhost = None
else:
realhost, rest = splithost(rest)
if realhost:
user_passwd, realhost = splituser(realhost)
if user_passwd:
selector = "%s://%s%s" % (urltype, realhost, rest)
if proxy_bypass(realhost):
host = realhost
#print "proxy via http:", host, selector
if not host: raise IOError, ('http error', 'no host given')
if proxy_passwd:
import base64
proxy_auth = base64.b64encode(proxy_passwd).strip()
else:
proxy_auth = None
if user_passwd:
import base64
auth = base64.b64encode(user_passwd).strip()
else:
auth = None
h = httplib.HTTP(host)
if method is not None:
h.putrequest(method, selector)
else:
h.putrequest('GET', selector)
if data is not None:
#h.putrequest('POST', selector)
h.putheader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
h.putheader('Content-Length', '%d' % len(data))
if proxy_auth: h.putheader('Proxy-Authorization', 'Basic %s' % proxy_auth)
if auth: h.putheader('Authorization', 'Basic %s' % auth)
if realhost: h.putheader('Host', realhost)
for args in self.addheaders: h.putheader(*args)
h.endheaders(data)
errcode, errmsg, headers = h.getreply()
fp = h.getfile()
if errcode == -1:
if fp: fp.close()
# something went wrong with the HTTP status line
raise IOError, ('http protocol error', 0,
'got a bad status line', None)
# According to RFC 2616, "2xx" code indicates that the client's
# request was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
if (200 <= errcode < 300):
return addinfourl(fp, headers, "http:" + url, errcode)
else:
if data is None:
return self.http_error(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers)
else:
return self.http_error(url, fp, errcode, errmsg, headers, data)
def open(self, fullurl, data=None, method=None):
"""Use URLopener().open(file) instead of open(file, 'r')."""
fullurl = unwrap(toBytes(fullurl))
# percent encode url, fixing lame server errors for e.g, like space
# within url paths.
fullurl = quote(fullurl, safe="%/:=&?~#+!$,;'@()*[]|")
if self.tempcache and fullurl in self.tempcache:
filename, headers = self.tempcache[fullurl]
fp = open(filename, 'rb')
return addinfourl(fp, headers, fullurl)
urltype, url = splittype(fullurl)
if not urltype:
urltype = 'file'
if urltype in self.proxies:
proxy = self.proxies[urltype]
urltype, proxyhost = splittype(proxy)
host, selector = splithost(proxyhost)
url = (host, fullurl) # Signal special case to open_*()
else:
proxy = None
name = 'open_' + urltype
self.type = urltype
name = name.replace('-', '_')
if not hasattr(self, name):
if proxy:
return self.open_unknown_proxy(proxy, fullurl, data)
else:
return self.open_unknown(fullurl, data)
try:
return getattr(self, name)(url, data, method)
except socket.error, msg:
raise IOError, ('socket error', msg), sys.exc_info()[2]
opener = MyURLOpener()
# NOTE: including any data no longer implicitly makes the method POST,
# so you must now specify the method to POST if you include data
# NOTE: this overrides only open_http, and not open_https, but you can
# use a similar technique, and override open_https as well
d = opener.open('http://www.google.com/', method='HEAD')
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8479736/using-python-urllib-how-to-avoid-non-html-content