uptime
uptime可以对cpu使用情况进行监控。
[nukix@bogon ~]$ uptime
# 当前时间 系统运行时间 当前登录用户数 系统平均负载
18:56:53 up 1 day, 3:55, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
free
free可以对内存和交换分区进行监控。
[nukix@bogon ~]$ free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 977M 680M 76M 8.7M 220M 100M
Swap: 1.5G 397M 1.1G
df
df可以查看系统磁盘的使用情况。
[nukix@bogon ~]$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 14G 5.8G 7.5G 44% /
devtmpfs 475M 0 475M 0% /dev
tmpfs 489M 116K 489M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 489M 21M 469M 5% /run
tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 297M 192M 106M 65% /boot
tmpfs 98M 28K 98M 1% /run/user/1000
ip
ip可以查看网卡信息。
# 查看所有网卡信息
[nukix@bogon ~]$ ip a s
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:53:5a:8e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.106/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
valid_lft 53201sec preferred_lft 53201sec
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe53:5a8e/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 500
link/ether 52:54:00:5f:e3:fb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
# 查看某一个网卡信息
[nukix@bogon ~]$ ip -s link show eno16777736
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:53:5a:8e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
178537908 490338 0 0 0 0
TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
482226510 360048 0 0 0 0
netstat
netstat可以用于查看端口信息。
[nukix@bogon ~]$ netstat -ant
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::8009 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN
tcp6 0 0 127.0.0.1:8005 :::* LISTEN
ps
ps可用于查看进程信息。
[nukix@bogon ~]$ ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:18 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --sys
root 2 0 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 2 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 7 2 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0]
root 8 2 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_bh]
root 9 2 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/0]
root 10 2 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/1]
root 11 2 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/2]
root 12 2 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/3]
root 13 2 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/4]
root 14 2 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/5]
root 15 2 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/6]
root 16 2 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/7]
root 17 2 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/8]
root 18 2 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/9]
root 19 2 0 Jun18 ? 00:00:00 [rcuob/10]
top
top可以查看进程信息。
[nukix@bogon ~]$ top
top - 02:29:40 up 1 day, 11:28, 2 users, load average: 0.19, 0.09, 0.07
Tasks: 431 total, 3 running, 428 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
# Cpu(s) 当前CPU状态 us 用户进程占用CPU比例 sy 内核进程占用CPU比例
# id 空闲CPU比例 wa IO等待所占用的CPU时间比例 wa占用超过30%表示IO压力很大
%Cpu(s): 21.5 us, 4.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 74.4 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
# Mem 内存状态 total 总的内存大小 free 剩余 used 已使用 buffers 目录缓存
KiB Mem : 1001332 total, 168952 free, 551232 used, 281148 buff/cache
# 如果 Swap 的 used 很高，则表示系统内存不足
KiB Swap: 1572860 total, 994548 free, 578312 used. 250340 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
62894 nukix 20 0 2768572 271296 28828 S 13.6 27.1 6:55.73 gnome-shell
1880 root 20 0 265340 43084 6556 S 8.0 4.3 4:34.94 Xorg
4727 nukix 20 0 686700 18040 8288 S 2.7 1.8 0:07.27 gnome-term+
40137 nukix 20 0 162288 2592 1592 R 0.7 0.3 0:00.19 top
2879 nukix 20 0 104472 544 156 S 0.3 0.1 0:09.94 dbus-daemon
3099 nukix 20 0 1029896 24744 8432 S 0.3 2.5 0:08.39 nautilus
3588 nukix 20 0 2491960 47012 0 S 0.3 4.7 2:56.36 java
37073 root 20 0 318064 1540 1132 S 0.3 0.2 1:29.43 vmtoolsd
1 root 20 0 193928 4488 2484 S 0.0 0.4 0:18.90 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.54 ksoftirqd/0
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh
iostat
iostat用于查看IO使用情况。
# 监控输入输出状态，-x表示显示所有参数信息，1表示每隔1秒监控一次，2表示共监控2次
[nukix@bogon ~]$ iostat -x 1 2
Linux 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 (bogon) 06/20/2019 _x86_64_ (1 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
1.50 0.00 0.87 0.03 0.00 97.60
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util
sda 2.41 3.75 6.93 4.44 351.23 87.78 77.26 0.01 0.68 0.71 0.65 0.17 0.19
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
4.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 95.00
Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util
sda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
参考资料：
[1] https://www.cnblogs.com/gdsblog/p/8528950.html
[2] https://blog.csdn.net/helloxiaozhe/article/details/78101312
来源：CSDN
作者：nukix
链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dxk539687357/article/details/92997740