integer division in Go called from C

问题

I am able to perform integer division in go by this program :

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
 a := 10
 b := 5
    fmt.Println(a/b)
}

Then I made a program in go that has functions for +, -, * and /. and I made a program in C that calls each of these functions and performs arithmetic operations. Except division, the code works fine.

The go file with the functions is : (calc.go)

package main

func Add(a, b int) int {
    return a + b
}
func Sub(a, b int) int {
    return a - b
}
func Mul(a, b int) int {
    return a * b
}
func Div(a, b int) int {
    return a / b
}

And the C program that calls these functions is : (calcc.c)

#include <stdio.h>

extern int go_add(int, int) __asm__ ("main.Add");
extern int go_sub(int, int) __asm__ ("main.Sub");
extern int go_mul(int, int) __asm__ ("main.Mul");
extern int go_div(int, int) __asm__ ("main.Div");

int menu()
{
  int op;
  printf("\n1 add");
  printf("\n2 sub");
  printf("\n3 mul");
  printf("\n4 div");
  printf("\nEnter your choice : ");
  scanf("%d", &op);
  return op;
}
int main() {


  int op, ch, result, a, b;

  do{ 
    op= menu();

    printf("First number  : ");
    scanf("%d", &a);
    printf("Second number : ");
    scanf("%d", &b);

    switch(op)
    {
       case 1:
        result = go_add(a, b);
    printf("Result : %d" , result);
        break;
       case 2:
        result = go_sub(a, b);
    printf("Result : %d" , result);
        break;
       case 3:
        result = go_mul(a, b);
    printf("Result : %d" , result);
    break;
       case 4:
        result = go_div(a, b);
    printf("Result : %d" , result);
    break;
       default:
        printf("Invalid choice ! ");
    }
    printf("\nAnother operation? (1 if yes) : ");
    scanf("%d", &ch);
  } while(ch==1);
  printf("\nThank you!");
}

I compiled on the terminal using the commands :

gccgo -c calc.go

gcc calc.o calcc.c -o main

And got this error : undefined reference to `__go_runtime_error' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

How should I fix this?

回答1:

You need to link using gccgo and not with normal gcc. Normal gcc doesn't know that it ought to link against the go runtime (libgo).

Depending on your configuration, you might also need to specify where the runtime library can be found. For example by embedding it statically or by making it available in the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable. Example:

gccgo -static-libgo calc.o calcc.o -o main

For more information, check Setting up and using gccgo.

回答2:

I believe your method of using __asm__ is gccgo specific (I've never seen it before).

The standard way to export Go functions to C is via an "//export name" comment in the Go code.

Further, standard Go<->C via cgo requires that C code is linked into Go and Go's main runs and not the other way around. This is so that the Go runtime is fully running. Otherwise goroutines, the garbage collector, etc would not be running. Of course Go's main could just be a simple call to a C pseudo-main function that does all the work and calls back into Go only as needed.

Given these points a small example of what you tried using standard cgo and fully go build-able is this:

calc.go:

package main

// /* could be in a declared in a header file instead */
// extern void pseudo_main(void);
import "C"

//export Add
func Add(a, b int) int {
    return a + b
}

// … etc …

//export Div
func Div(a, b int) int {
    return a / b
}

// Main needs to be Go so that the go runtime
// gets started so you can use goroutines, the
// garbage collector, etc,etc.
//
// It can just be a trivial call into a C main like
// function.
func main() {
    C.pseudo_main()
}

and calc.c:

#include <stdio.h>
#include "_cgo_export.h" // file auto-generated by cgo from Go's "//export func" comments

// passing argc, argv, envp like arguments
// if desired is left as an excersise :)
void pseudo_main(void) {
    int x, y, z;

    printf("Hello from C\n");
    x = 42;
    y = 6;
    z = Add(x, y);
    printf("%d + %d = %d\n", x, y, z);
    z = Div(x, y);
    printf("%d / %d = %d\n", x, y, z);
}

building and running (on a Unix like host):

% go build -o calc
% ./calc

_{Note: normally you wouldn't use -o, you'd let the tool pick the name based on package or directory name. I've used -o here to list exact and repeatable commands without specifying what directory the files are in. Further note, for Microsoft Windows it would be different. Also, if you're interested in what goes on behind the scenes with cgo, try go build -x.}

output:

Hello from C
42 + 6 = 48
42 / 6 = 7

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