Limit join to one row

问题

I have the following query:

SELECT sum((select count(*) as itemCount) * "SalesOrderItems"."price") as amount, 'rma' as     
    "creditType", "Clients"."company" as "client", "Clients".id as "ClientId", "Rmas".* 
FROM "Rmas" JOIN "EsnsRmas" on("EsnsRmas"."RmaId" = "Rmas"."id") 
    JOIN "Esns" on ("Esns".id = "EsnsRmas"."EsnId") 
    JOIN "EsnsSalesOrderItems" on("EsnsSalesOrderItems"."EsnId" = "Esns"."id" ) 
    JOIN "SalesOrderItems" on("SalesOrderItems"."id" = "EsnsSalesOrderItems"."SalesOrderItemId") 
    JOIN "Clients" on("Clients"."id" = "Rmas"."ClientId" )
WHERE "Rmas"."credited"=false AND "Rmas"."verifyStatus" IS NOT null 
GROUP BY "Clients".id, "Rmas".id;

The problem is that the table "EsnsSalesOrderItems" can have the same EsnId in different entries. I want to restrict the query to only pull the last entry in "EsnsSalesOrderItems" that has the same "EsnId".

By "last" entry I mean the following:

The one that appears last in the table "EsnsSalesOrderItems". So for example if "EsnsSalesOrderItems" has two entries with "EsnId" = 6 and "createdAt" = '2012-06-19' and '2012-07-19' respectively it should only give me the entry from '2012-07-19'.

回答1:

SELECT (count(*) * sum(s."price")) AS amount
     , 'rma'       AS "creditType"
     , c."company" AS "client"
     , c.id        AS "ClientId"
     , r.* 
FROM   "Rmas"            r
JOIN   "EsnsRmas"        er ON er."RmaId" = r."id"
JOIN   "Esns"            e  ON e.id = er."EsnId"
JOIN  (
   SELECT DISTINCT ON ("EsnId") *
   FROM   "EsnsSalesOrderItems"
   ORDER  BY "EsnId", "createdAt" DESC
   )                     es ON es."EsnId" = e."id"
JOIN   "SalesOrderItems" s  ON s."id" = es."SalesOrderItemId"
JOIN   "Clients"         c  ON c."id" = r."ClientId"
WHERE  r."credited" = FALSE
AND    r."verifyStatus" IS NOT NULL 
GROUP  BY c.id, r.id;

Your query in the question has an illegal aggregate over another aggregate:

sum((select count(*) as itemCount) * "SalesOrderItems"."price") as amount

Simplified and converted to legal syntax:

(count(*) * sum(s."price")) AS amount

But do you really want to multiply with the count per group?

I retrieve the the single row per group in "EsnsSalesOrderItems" with DISTINCT ON. Detailed explanation:

• Select first row in each GROUP BY group?

I also added table aliases and formatting to make the query easier to parse for human eyes. If you could avoid camel case you could get rid of all the double quotes clouding the view.

回答2:

Something like:

join (
  select "EsnId", 
         row_number() over (partition by "EsnId" order by "createdAt" desc) as rn
  from "EsnsSalesOrderItems"
) t ON t."EsnId" = "Esns"."id" and rn = 1

this will select the latest "EsnId" from "EsnsSalesOrderItems" based on the column creation_date. As you didn't post the structure of your tables, I had to "invent" a column name. You can use any column that allows you to define an order on the rows that suits you.

But remember the concept of the "last row" is only valid if you specifiy an order or the rows. A table as such is not ordered, nor is the result of a query unless you specify an order by

回答3:

Necromancing because the answers are outdated.
Take advantage of the LATERAL keyword introduced in PG 9.3

left | right | inner JOIN LATERAL

I'll explain with an example:
Assuming you have a table "Contacts".
Now contacts have organisational units.
They can have one OU at a point in time, but N OUs at N points in time.

Now, if you have to query contacts and OU in a time period (not a reporting date, but a date range), you could N-fold increase the record count if you just did a left join.
So, to display the OU, you need to just join the first OU for each contact (where what shall be first is an arbitrary criterion - when taking the last value, for example, that is just another way of saying the first value when sorted by descending date order).

In SQL-server, you would use cross-apply (or rather OUTER APPLY since we need a left join), which will invoke a table-valued function on each row it has to join.

SELECT * FROM T_Contacts 

--LEFT JOIN T_MAP_Contacts_Ref_OrganisationalUnit ON MAP_CTCOU_CT_UID = T_Contacts.CT_UID AND MAP_CTCOU_SoftDeleteStatus = 1 
--WHERE T_MAP_Contacts_Ref_OrganisationalUnit.MAP_CTCOU_UID IS NULL -- 989

-- CROSS APPLY -- = INNER JOIN 
OUTER APPLY    -- = LEFT JOIN 
(
    SELECT TOP 1 
         --MAP_CTCOU_UID    
         MAP_CTCOU_CT_UID   
        ,MAP_CTCOU_COU_UID  
        ,MAP_CTCOU_DateFrom 
        ,MAP_CTCOU_DateTo   
   FROM T_MAP_Contacts_Ref_OrganisationalUnit 
   WHERE MAP_CTCOU_SoftDeleteStatus = 1 
   AND MAP_CTCOU_CT_UID = T_Contacts.CT_UID 

    /*  
    AND 
    ( 
        (@in_DateFrom <= T_MAP_Contacts_Ref_OrganisationalUnit.MAP_KTKOE_DateTo) 
        AND 
        (@in_DateTo >= T_MAP_Contacts_Ref_OrganisationalUnit.MAP_KTKOE_DateFrom) 
    ) 
    */
   ORDER BY MAP_CTCOU_DateFrom 
) AS FirstOE 

In PostgreSQL, starting from version 9.3, you can do that, too - just use the LATERAL keyword to achieve the same:

SELECT * FROM T_Contacts 

--LEFT JOIN T_MAP_Contacts_Ref_OrganisationalUnit ON MAP_CTCOU_CT_UID = T_Contacts.CT_UID AND MAP_CTCOU_SoftDeleteStatus = 1 
--WHERE T_MAP_Contacts_Ref_OrganisationalUnit.MAP_CTCOU_UID IS NULL -- 989


LEFT JOIN LATERAL 
(
    SELECT 
         --MAP_CTCOU_UID    
         MAP_CTCOU_CT_UID   
        ,MAP_CTCOU_COU_UID  
        ,MAP_CTCOU_DateFrom 
        ,MAP_CTCOU_DateTo   
   FROM T_MAP_Contacts_Ref_OrganisationalUnit 
   WHERE MAP_CTCOU_SoftDeleteStatus = 1 
   AND MAP_CTCOU_CT_UID = T_Contacts.CT_UID 

    /*  
    AND 
    ( 
        (__in_DateFrom <= T_MAP_Contacts_Ref_OrganisationalUnit.MAP_KTKOE_DateTo) 
        AND 
        (__in_DateTo >= T_MAP_Contacts_Ref_OrganisationalUnit.MAP_KTKOE_DateFrom) 
    ) 
    */
   ORDER BY MAP_CTCOU_DateFrom 
   LIMIT 1 
) AS FirstOE 

回答4:

Try using a subquery in your ON clause. An abstract example:

SELECT 
    *
FROM table1
JOIN table2 ON table2.id = (
    SELECT id FROM table2 WHERE table2.table1_id = table1.id LIMIT 1
)
WHERE 
    ...

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12650381/limit-join-to-one-row