Dynamic template based on value rather than variable with ngTemplateOutlet

问题

I'm trying to mock up a dynamic set of questions. Think of a quiz, where one question is multiple choice, the second is single answer, the third is yes no..etc.

Using angular 4.1, I thought that templating with ngTemplateOutlet would be the best way to go for this, the idea being that I can style all the checkboxes to be the same, and all the radiobuttons the same etc.

@Component({
  selector: 'my-component',
  template: `
    <div *ngFor="let item of items">
        <ng-template [ngTemplateOutlet]="item.type" [ngOutletContext]="{ item: item }"></ng-template>
    </div>`
})
export class MyComponent {
  @Input() items: any[];
}

@Component({
  selector: 'my-app',
  template: `
    <div>
      <my-component [items]="questions">
        <ng-template #question let-item="item">{{item?.question}}</ng-template>
        <ng-template #check let-item="item">checkboxes here {{item?.type}} - {{item?.values}}</ng-template>
        <ng-template #radio let-item="item">radio buttons here{{item?.type}} - {{item?.values}}</ng-template>
        <ng-template #bool let-item="item">boolean here{{item?.type}} - {{item?.values}}</ng-template>
        <ng-template #textbox let-item="item">textbox here{{item?.type}} - {{item?.values}}</ng-template>
      </my-component>
    </div>`
})
export class App {
  @ViewChild('question') question;
  @ViewChild('type') type;
  @ViewChild('values') values;
  questions = [
      { question: "my checkbox question", type: "check", values: ["checkbox1","checkbox2","checkbox3","checkbox4"] },
      { question: "my radiobutton question", type: "radio", values: ["radio1","radio2","radio3","radio4"] } ,
      { question: "my boolean question", type: "bool", values: ["yes", "no"] } ,
      { question: "my textbox question", type: "textbox", values: ["maybe something maybe nothing"] } 
    ];

I've created this plunker as a proof of concept effort, but it is not working. All the code is in the src/app.ts file.

What I want is something like this:

My checkbox question?
checkbox 1, checkbox2, checkbox3

my radio button question
radiobutton1, radiobutton2, radiobutton3

my boolean question?
yes, no 

How can I modify this code to use the value of variable to indicate which template to use?

回答1:

As i said in comment you have to pass TemplateRef for ngTemplateOutlet property. It could be done like this:

@Directive({
  selector: 'ng-template[type]'
})
export class QuestionTemplate {
  @Input() type: string;
  constructor(public template: TemplateRef) {}
}

app.html

<my-component [items]="questions">
  <ng-template type="question" ...>...</ng-template>
  <ng-template type="check" ...>...</ng-template>
  ...

my.component.ts

@Component({
  selector: 'my-component',
  template: `
    <div *ngFor="let item of items">
        <ng-template 
           [ngTemplateOutlet]="dict['question']" 
           [ngOutletContext]="{ item: item }"></ng-template>
        <ng-template 
           [ngTemplateOutlet]="dict[item.type]" 
           [ngOutletContext]="{ item: item }"></ng-template>
    </div>`
})
export class MyComponent {
  @Input() items: any[];

  @ContentChildren(QuestionTemplate) templates: QueryList<QuestionTemplate>;

  dict = {};

  ngAfterContentInit() {
    this.templates.forEach(x => this.dict[x.type] = x.template);
  }
}

Plunker Example

回答2:

I would change the approach, here my 2 cents:

Create a component for each typology of options (checkbox, radio, select, etc...).

Store them in an constant, mapping the name of the component as string with the component class, such as:

export const optionTypes = {
    'TypeRadio': TypeRadio,
    'TypeCheckBox': TypeCheckBox,
};

In Component:

 private optionsModule: NgModuleFactory<any>; // we have our components for our options declared in OptionsModule, for example
 private optionTypes = optionTypes;

 constructor(private compiler: Compiler) {

        // Declaring Options Module
        this.optionsModule = compiler.compileModuleSync(OptionsModule);
 }

In Component's template:

<fieldset *ngFor="let question of questions">
                <ng-container *ngComponentOutlet="optionTypes[question.type];
                                    ngModuleFactory: optionsModule;"></ng-container>
            </fieldset>

Note that for this to work, your object data should have the type attributes changed:

questions = [
      { question: "my checkbox question", type: "TypeCheckBox", values: ["checkbox1","checkbox2","checkbox3","checkbox4"] },
      { question: "my radiobutton question", type: "TypeRadio", values: ["radio1","radio2","radio3","radio4"] }
    ];

Summing up:

1. We create an OptionsModule
2. We create a component (with its template and logic) for each option/question type
3. We add the name of these components in the type attribute of our data Object. (or create a simple mapping method that: radio -> TypeRadio)
4. We use NgComponentOutlet to dynamically render our components.
5. We use NgModuleFactory to render those components from an imported module.

Result:

We have a dynamic component loading system for our quizz. Each component has it's logic and offers you huge possibilities for adding cool features and behaviors!

An example of this approach (I used this to have 100% dynamic formfields: inputs, select, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.): Angular2: Use Pipe to render templates dynamically

回答3:

**You can change your approach a little bit as it is an optional suggestion **

@Component({
  selector: 'my-component',
 template: `
   <div *ngFor="let item of items">
      <ng-container [ngTemplateOutlet]="item.type" [ngTemplateOutletContext]="{ item: item }"> 
      </ng-container>
   </div>

    <ng-template #question let-item="item"></ng-template>
    <ng-template #check let-item="item">checkboxes here {{item?.type}} - {{item?.values}}</ng-template>
    <ng-template #radio let-item="item">radio buttons here{{item?.type}} - {{item?.values}}</ng-template>
    <ng-template #bool let-item="item">boolean here{{item?.type}} - {{item?.values}}</ng-template>
    <ng-template #textbox let-item="item">textbox here{{item?.type}} - {{item?.values}}</ng-template>
`
})
export class MyComponent {
  @Input() items: any[];
}

---

You can call your template's based on your "item.type", Rest of the structure looks good in your approach.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44073964/dynamic-template-based-on-value-rather-than-variable-with-ngtemplateoutlet