Python是什么
Python是著名的“龟叔”Guido van Rossum在1989年圣诞节期间,为了打发无聊的圣诞节而编写的一个编程语言。
创始人Guido van Rossum是BBC出品英剧Monty Python’s Flying Circus(中文:蒙提·派森的飞行马戏团)的狂热粉丝,因而将自己创造的这门编程语言命名为Python。
人生苦短,我用python,翻译自"Life is short, you need Python"
Python英式发音:/ˈpaɪθən/ ,中文类似‘拍森’。而美式发音:/ˈpaɪθɑːn/,中文类似‘拍赏’。我看麻省理工授课教授读的是‘拍赏’,我觉得国内大多是读‘拍森’吧。
2017年python排第一也无可争议,比较AI第一语言,在当下人工智能大数据大火的情况下,python无愧第一语言的称号,至于C、C++、java都是万年的老大哥了,在代码量比较方面,小编相信java肯定是完爆其它语言的。
不过从这一年的编程语言流行趋势看,java依然是传播最多的,比较无论app、web、云计算都离不开,而其相对python而言,学习路径更困难一点,想要转行编程,而且追赶潮流,python已然是最佳语言。
许多大型网站就是用Python开发的,国内:豆瓣、搜狐、金山、腾讯、盛大、网易、百度、阿里、淘宝、热酷、土豆、新浪、果壳…; 国外:谷歌、NASA、YouTube、Facebook、工业光魔、红帽…
Python将被纳入高考内容
浙江省信息技术课程改革方案已经出台,Python确定进入浙江省信息技术高考,从2018年起浙江省信息技术教材编程语言将会从vb更换为Python。其实不止浙江,教育大省北京和山东也确定要把Python编程基础纳入信息技术课程和高考的内容体系,Python语言课程化也将成为孩子学习的一种趋势。尤其山东省最新出版的小学信息技术六年级教材也加入了Python内容,小学生都开始接触Python语言了!!
再不学习,又要被小学生完爆了。。。
Python入门教程
- Python教程 - 廖雪峰的官方网站
- Python官网
- Python 100例 | 菜鸟教程
- Python中文社区
- 微信公众号:裸睡的猪
- 微信跳一跳的python外挂项目:https://github.com/wangshub/wechat_jump_game
- 微信机器人、爬取京东充气娃娃、豆瓣影评、新浪话题、模拟登录淘宝,爬取淘宝案例,都在vx公众号「裸睡的猪」
-
500G 百度云Python入门资料免费送,公众号回复:python入门
Python能做什么
- 网络爬虫
- Web应用开发
- 系统网络运维
- 科学与数字计算
- 图形界面开发
- 网络编程
- 自然语言处理(NLP)
- 人工智能
- 区块链
- 多不胜举。。。
Python入门爬虫
这是我的第一个python项目,在这里与大家分享出来~
- 需求
- 我们目前正在开发一款产品其功能大致是:用户收到短信如:购买了电影票或者火车票机票之类的事件。然后app读取短信,解析短信,获取时间地点,然后后台自动建立一个备忘录,在事件开始前1小时提醒用户。
- 设计
- 开始我们将解析的功能放在了服务端,但是后来考虑到用户隐私问题。后来将解析功能放到了app端,服务端只负责收集数据,然后将新数据发送给app端。
- 关于服务端主要是分离出两个功能,一、响应app端请求返回数据。二、爬取数据,存入数据库。
- 响应请求返回数据使用java来做,而爬取数据存入数据库使用python来做,这样分别使用不同语言来做是因为这两种语言各有优势,java效率比python高些,适合做web端,而爬取数据并不是太追求性能且python语言和大量的库适合做爬虫。
- 代码
- 本项目使用python3的版本
-
获取源码:扫描下方关注微信公众号「裸睡的猪」回复:爬虫入门 获取
- 了解这个项目你只需要有简单的python基础,能了解python语法就可以。其实我自己也是python没学完,然后就开始写,遇到问题就百度,边做边学这样才不至于很枯燥,因为python可以做一些很有意思的事情,比如模拟连续登录挣积分,比如我最近在写一个预定模范出行车子的python脚本。推荐看廖雪峰的python入门教程
- 首先带大家看看我的目录结构,开始我打算是定义一个非常好非常全的规范,后来才发现由于自己不熟悉框架,而是刚入门级别,所以就放弃了。从简而入:
- 下面咱们按照上图中的顺序,从上往下一个一个文件的讲解init.py包的标识文件,python包就是文件夹,当改文件夹下有一个init.py文件后它就成为一个package,我在这个包中引入一些py供其他py调用。
init.py
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# import need manager module
import MongoUtil
import FileUtil
import conf_dev
import conf_test
import scratch_airport_name
import scratch_flight_number
import scratch_movie_name
import scratch_train_number
import scratch_train_station
import MainUtil
下面两个是配置文件,第一个是开发环境的(windows),第二个是测试环境的(linux),然后再根据不同系统启用不同的配置文件
conf_dev.py
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# the configuration file of develop environment
# path configure
data_root_path = 'E:/APK98_GNBJ_SMARTSERVER/Proj-gionee-data/smart/data'
# mongodb configure
user = "cmc"
pwd = "123456"
server = "localhost"
port = "27017"
db_name = "smartdb"
conf_test.py
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# the configuration file of test environment
#path configure
data_root_path = '/data/app/smart/data'
#mongodb configure
user = "smart"
pwd = "123456"
server = "10.8.0.30"
port = "27017"
db_name = "smartdb"
下面文件是一个util文件,主要是读取原文件的内容,还有将新内容写入原文件。
FileUtil.py
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import conf_dev
import conf_test
import platform
# configure Multi-confronment
# 判断当前系统,并引入相对的配置文件
platform_os = platform.system()
config = conf_dev
if (platform_os == 'Linux'):
config = conf_test
# path
data_root_path = config.data_root_path
# load old data
def read(resources_file_path, encode='utf-8'):
file_path = data_root_path + resources_file_path
outputs = []
for line in open(file_path, encoding=encode):
if not line.startswith("//"):
outputs.append(line.strip('\n').split(',')[-1])
return outputs
# append new data to file from scratch
def append(resources_file_path, data, encode='utf-8'):
file_path = data_root_path + resources_file_path
with open(file_path, 'a', encoding=encode) as f:
f.write(data)
f.close
下面这个main方法控制着执行流程,其他的执行方法调用这个main方法
MainUtil.py
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import sys
from datetime import datetime
import MongoUtil
import FileUtil
# @param resources_file_path 资源文件的path
# @param base_url 爬取的连接
# @param scratch_func 爬取的方法
def main(resources_file_path, base_url, scratch_func):
old_data = FileUtil.read(resources_file_path) #读取原资源
new_data = scratch_func(base_url, old_data) #爬取新资源
if new_data: #如果新数据不为空
date_new_data = "//" + datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d') + "\n" + "\n".join(new_data) + "\n" #在新数据前面加上当前日期
FileUtil.append(resources_file_path, date_new_data) #将新数据追加到文件中
MongoUtil.insert(resources_file_path, date_new_data) #将新数据插入到mongodb数据库中
else: #如果新数据为空,则打印日志
print(datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), '----', getattr(scratch_func, '__name__'), ": nothing to update ")
将更新的内容插入mongodb中
MongoUtil.py
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import platform
from pymongo import MongoClient
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
import conf_dev
import conf_test
# configure Multi-confronment
platform_os = platform.system()
config = conf_dev
if (platform_os == 'Linux'):
config = conf_test
# mongodb
uri = 'mongodb://' + config.user + ':' + config.pwd + '@' + config.server + ':' + config.port + '/' + config.db_name
# 将数据写入mongodb
# @author chenmc
# @param uri connect to mongodb
# @path save mongodb field
# @data save mongodb field
# @operation save mongodb field default value 'append'
# @date 2017/12/07 16:30
# 先在mongodb中插入一条自增数据 db.sequence.insert({ "_id" : "version","seq" : 1})
def insert(path, data, operation='append'):
client = MongoClient(uri)
resources = client.smartdb.resources
sequence = client.smartdb.sequence
seq = sequence.find_one({"_id": "version"})["seq"] #获取自增id
sequence.update_one({"_id": "version"}, {"$inc": {"seq": 1}}) #自增id+1
post_data = {"_class": "com.gionee.smart.domain.entity.Resources", "version": seq, "path": path,
"content": data, "status": "enable", "operation": operation,
"createtime": datetime.now(timezone(timedelta(hours=8)))}
resources.insert(post_data) #插入数据
项目引入的第三方库,可使用pip install -r requirements.txt下载第三方库
requirements.txt
# need to install module# need to install module
bs4
pymongo
requests
json
下面真正的执行方法来了,这五个py分别表示爬取五种信息:机场名、航班号、电影名、列车号、列车站。他们的结构都差不多,如下:
第一部分:定义查找的url;
第二部分:获取并与旧数据比较,返回新数据;
第三部分:main方法,执行写入新数据到文件和mongodb中;
scratch_airport_name.py:爬取全国机场
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import requests
import bs4
import json
import MainUtil
resources_file_path = '/resources/airplane/airportNameList.ini'
scratch_url_old = 'https://data.variflight.com/profiles/profilesapi/search'
scratch_url = 'https://data.variflight.com/analytics/codeapi/initialList'
get_city_url = 'https://data.variflight.com/profiles/Airports/%s'
#传入查找网页的url和旧数据,然后本方法会比对原数据中是否有新的条目,如果有则不加入,如果没有则重新加入,最后返回新数据
def scratch_airport_name(scratch_url, old_airports):
new_airports = []
data = requests.get(scratch_url).text
all_airport_json = json.loads(data)['data']
for airport_by_word in all_airport_json.values():
for airport in airport_by_word:
if airport['fn'] not in old_airports:
get_city_uri = get_city_url % airport['id']
data2 = requests.get(get_city_uri).text
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(data2, "html.parser")
city = soup.find('span', text="城市").next_sibling.text
new_airports.append(city + ',' + airport['fn'])
return new_airports
#main方法,执行这个py,默认调用main方法,相当于java的main
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainUtil.main(resources_file_path, scratch_url, scratch_airport_name)
scratch_flight_number.py:爬取全国航班号
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import requests
import bs4
import MainUtil
resources_file_path = '/resources/airplane/flightNameList.ini'
scratch_url = 'http://www.variflight.com/sitemap.html?AE71649A58c77='
def scratch_flight_number(scratch_url, old_flights):
new_flights = []
data = requests.get(scratch_url).text
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(data, "html.parser")
a_flights = soup.find('div', class_='list').find_all('a', recursive=False)
for flight in a_flights:
if flight.text not in old_flights and flight.text != '国内航段列表':
new_flights.append(flight.text)
return new_flights
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainUtil.main(resources_file_path, scratch_url, scratch_flight_number)
scratch_movie_name.py:爬取最近上映的电影
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import re
import requests
import bs4
import json
import MainUtil
# 相对路径,也是需要将此路径存入数据库
resources_file_path = '/resources/movie/cinemaNameList.ini'
scratch_url = 'http://theater.mtime.com/China_Beijing/'
# scratch data with define url
def scratch_latest_movies(scratch_url, old_movies):
data = requests.get(scratch_url).text
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(data, "html.parser")
new_movies = []
new_movies_json = json.loads(
soup.find('script', text=re.compile("var hotplaySvList")).text.split("=")[1].replace(";", ""))
coming_movies_data = soup.find_all('li', class_='i_wantmovie')
# 上映的电影
for movie in new_movies_json:
move_name = movie['Title']
if move_name not in old_movies:
new_movies.append(movie['Title'])
# 即将上映的电影
for coming_movie in coming_movies_data:
coming_movie_name = coming_movie.h3.a.text
if coming_movie_name not in old_movies and coming_movie_name not in new_movies:
new_movies.append(coming_movie_name)
return new_movies
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainUtil.main(resources_file_path, scratch_url, scratch_latest_movies)
scratch_train_number.py:爬取全国列车号
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import requests
import bs4
import json
import MainUtil
resources_file_path = '/resources/train/trainNameList.ini'
scratch_url = 'http://www.59178.com/checi/'
def scratch_train_number(scratch_url, old_trains):
new_trains = []
resp = requests.get(scratch_url)
data = resp.text.encode(resp.encoding).decode('gb2312')
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(data, "html.parser")
a_trains = soup.find('table').find_all('a')
for train in a_trains:
if train.text not in old_trains and train.text:
new_trains.append(train.text)
return new_trains
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainUtil.main(resources_file_path, scratch_url, scratch_train_number)
scratch_train_station.py:爬取全国列车站
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import requests
import bs4
import random
import MainUtil
resources_file_path = '/resources/train/trainStationNameList.ini'
scratch_url = 'http://www.smskb.com/train/'
def scratch_train_station(scratch_url, old_stations):
new_stations = []
provinces_eng = (
"Anhui", "Beijing", "Chongqing", "Fujian", "Gansu", "Guangdong", "Guangxi", "Guizhou", "Hainan", "Hebei",
"Heilongjiang", "Henan", "Hubei", "Hunan", "Jiangsu", "Jiangxi", "Jilin", "Liaoning", "Ningxia", "Qinghai",
"Shandong", "Shanghai", "Shanxi", "Shanxisheng", "Sichuan", "Tianjin", "Neimenggu", "Xianggang", "Xinjiang",
"Xizang",
"Yunnan", "Zhejiang")
provinces_chi = (
"安徽", "北京", "重庆", "福建", "甘肃", "广东", "广西", "贵州", "海南", "河北",
"黑龙江", "河南", "湖北", "湖南", "江苏", "江西", "吉林", "辽宁", "宁夏", "青海",
"山东", "上海", "陕西", "山西", "四川", "天津", "内蒙古", "香港", "新疆", "西藏",
"云南", "浙江")
for i in range(0, provinces_eng.__len__(), 1):
cur_url = scratch_url + provinces_eng[i] + ".htm"
resp = requests.get(cur_url)
data = resp.text.encode(resp.encoding).decode('gbk')
soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(data, "html.parser")
a_stations = soup.find('left').find('table').find_all('a')
for station in a_stations:
if station.text not in old_stations:
new_stations.append(provinces_chi[i] + ',' + station.text)
return new_stations
if __name__ == '__main__':
MainUtil.main(resources_file_path, scratch_url, scratch_train_station)
将项目放到测试服务器(centos7系统)中运行起来,我写了一个crontab,定时调用他们,下面贴出crontab。
/etc/crontab
SHELL=/bin/bash
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
MAILTO=root
# For details see man 4 crontabs
# Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# | .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# | | .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# | | | .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# | | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
# | | | | |
# * * * * * user-name command to be executed
0 0 * * * root python3 /data/app/smart/py/scratch_movie_name.py >> /data/logs/smartpy/out.log 2>&1
0 1 * * 1 root python3 /data/app/smart/py/scratch_train_station.py >> /data/logs/smartpy/out.log 2>&1
0 2 * * 2 root python3 /data/app/smart/py/scratch_train_number.py >> /data/logs/smartpy/out.log 2>&1
0 3 * * 4 root python3 /data/app/smart/py/scratch_flight_number.py >> /data/logs/smartpy/out.log 2>&1
0 4 * * 5 root python3 /data/app/smart/py/scratch_airport_name.py >> /data/logs/smartpy/out.log 2>&1
后续
目前项目已经正常运行了三个多月啦。。。
有问题反馈
在阅读与学习中有任何问题,欢迎反馈给我,可以用以下联系方式跟我交流
- 微信公众号:裸睡的猪
- 在下面留言
- 直接给我私信
关于此公众号
- 后期或提供各种软件的免费激活码
- 推送python,java等编程技术文章和面试技巧
- 当然你们可以将你们感兴趣的东西直接送给我
- 谢谢你们真诚的关注,此公众号以后获得的收益将
全部
通过抽奖的形式送给大家 - 以后如果博主要创业的话,也会在此公众号中挑选小伙伴哦~
- 希望大家分享出去,让更多想学习python的朋友看到~
来源:CSDN
作者:猪哥66
链接:https://blog.csdn.net/u014044812/article/details/78894108