Ruby 1.9.x replace sets of characters with specific cleaned up characters in a string

问题

I'm looking for a way to do the following PHP code in Ruby in a succinct and efficient manner:

$normalizeChars = array('Š'=>'S', 'š'=>'s', 'Ð'=>'Dj','Ž'=>'Z', 'ž'=>'z', 'À'=>'A', 'Á'=>'A', 'Â'=>'A', 'Ã'=>'A', 'Ä'=>'A',
        'Å'=>'A', 'Æ'=>'A', 'Ç'=>'C', 'È'=>'E', 'É'=>'E', 'Ê'=>'E', 'Ë'=>'E', 'Ì'=>'I', 'Í'=>'I', 'Î'=>'I',
        'Ï'=>'I', 'Ñ'=>'N', 'Ò'=>'O', 'Ó'=>'O', 'Ô'=>'O', 'Õ'=>'O', 'Ö'=>'O', 'Ø'=>'O', 'Ù'=>'U', 'Ú'=>'U',
        'Û'=>'U', 'Ü'=>'U', 'Ý'=>'Y', 'Þ'=>'B', 'ß'=>'Ss','à'=>'a', 'á'=>'a', 'â'=>'a', 'ã'=>'a', 'ä'=>'a',
        'å'=>'a', 'æ'=>'a', 'ç'=>'c', 'è'=>'e', 'é'=>'e', 'ê'=>'e', 'ë'=>'e', 'ì'=>'i', 'í'=>'i', 'î'=>'i',
        'ï'=>'i', 'ð'=>'o', 'ñ'=>'n', 'ò'=>'o', 'ó'=>'o', 'ô'=>'o', 'õ'=>'o', 'ö'=>'o', 'ø'=>'o', 'ù'=>'u',
        'ú'=>'u', 'û'=>'u', 'ý'=>'y', 'ý'=>'y', 'þ'=>'b', 'ÿ'=>'y', 'ƒ'=>'f');
$cleanGenre = strtr($this->entryArray['genre'], $normalizeChars);

Here the strtr() function will replace the character on the left with the one on the right in the array. Pretty handy for a cleanup job. But I can't seem to find anywhint similar in Ruby, that is, a way to specify which characters to replace all in one array rather than with lengthy conditionals for each character.

Note that tr won't work cause you can't replace one letter with two (D => Dj). Plus it gives me an InvalidByteSequenceError: "\xC5" on US-ASCII for this line:

    entry["genre"].tr('ŠšŽž', 'SsZz')

Thanks.

回答1:

I'll make it easy for you to implement

#encoding: UTF-8
t = 'ŠšÐŽžÀÁÂÃÄAÆAÇÈÉÊËÌÎÑNÒOÓOÔOÕOÖOØOUÚUUÜUÝYÞBßSàaáaâäaaæaçcèéêëìîðñòóôõöùûýýþÿƒ'
fallback = { 
  'Š'=>'S', 'š'=>'s', 'Ð'=>'Dj','Ž'=>'Z', 'ž'=>'z', 'À'=>'A', 'Á'=>'A', 'Â'=>'A', 'Ã'=>'A', 'Ä'=>'A',
  'Å'=>'A', 'Æ'=>'A', 'Ç'=>'C', 'È'=>'E', 'É'=>'E', 'Ê'=>'E', 'Ë'=>'E', 'Ì'=>'I', 'Í'=>'I', 'Î'=>'I',
  'Ï'=>'I', 'Ñ'=>'N', 'Ò'=>'O', 'Ó'=>'O', 'Ô'=>'O', 'Õ'=>'O', 'Ö'=>'O', 'Ø'=>'O', 'Ù'=>'U', 'Ú'=>'U',
  'Û'=>'U', 'Ü'=>'U', 'Ý'=>'Y', 'Þ'=>'B', 'ß'=>'Ss','à'=>'a', 'á'=>'a', 'â'=>'a', 'ã'=>'a', 'ä'=>'a',
  'å'=>'a', 'æ'=>'a', 'ç'=>'c', 'è'=>'e', 'é'=>'e', 'ê'=>'e', 'ë'=>'e', 'ì'=>'i', 'í'=>'i', 'î'=>'i',
  'ï'=>'i', 'ð'=>'o', 'ñ'=>'n', 'ò'=>'o', 'ó'=>'o', 'ô'=>'o', 'õ'=>'o', 'ö'=>'o', 'ø'=>'o', 'ù'=>'u',
  'ú'=>'u', 'û'=>'u', 'ý'=>'y', 'ý'=>'y', 'þ'=>'b', 'ÿ'=>'y', 'ƒ'=>'f'
  }

p t.encode('us-ascii', :fallback => fallback)

回答2:

In Ruby 1.9.3 you can use the :fallback option with encode:

"ŠšŽžÐ".encode('us-ascii', :fallback => { [your character table here] })
=> "SsZzDj"

It's also possible to do it with gsub as it accepts a conversion table as a hash argument in 1.9.x:

"ŠšŽžÐ".gsub(/[ŠšŽžÐ]/, [your character table here])
=> "SsZzDj"

Or better yet (by @steenslag):

character_table = [your table here]
regexp_keys     = Regexp.union(character_table.keys) 
"ŠšŽžÐ".gsub(regexp_keys, character_table)
=> "SsZzDj"

This sort of character conversion is called transliteration, which is good to know if you wish to google for more solutions (there are many Ruby libraries that support transliteration, but none of the ones I tested supported your character set completely).

回答3:

This works as I suppose you'd like it to have: translating characters in the array and leaving those not in there as they are:

# encoding: utf-8
lookup = {'Š'=>'S', 'š'=>'s', 'Ð'=>'Dj','Ž'=>'Z', 'ž'=>'z', 'À'=>'A', 'Á'=>'A', 'Â'=>'A', 'Ã'=>'A', 'Ä'=>'A',
        'Å'=>'A', 'Æ'=>'A', 'Ç'=>'C', 'È'=>'E', 'É'=>'E', 'Ê'=>'E', 'Ë'=>'E', 'Ì'=>'I', 'Í'=>'I', 'Î'=>'I',
        'Ï'=>'I', 'Ñ'=>'N', 'Ò'=>'O', 'Ó'=>'O', 'Ô'=>'O', 'Õ'=>'O', 'Ö'=>'O', 'Ø'=>'O', 'Ù'=>'U', 'Ú'=>'U',
        'Û'=>'U', 'Ü'=>'U', 'Ý'=>'Y', 'Þ'=>'B', 'ß'=>'Ss','à'=>'a', 'á'=>'a', 'â'=>'a', 'ã'=>'a', 'ä'=>'a',
        'å'=>'a', 'æ'=>'a', 'ç'=>'c', 'è'=>'e', 'é'=>'e', 'ê'=>'e', 'ë'=>'e', 'ì'=>'i', 'í'=>'i', 'î'=>'i',
        'ï'=>'i', 'ð'=>'o', 'ñ'=>'n', 'ò'=>'o', 'ó'=>'o', 'ô'=>'o', 'õ'=>'o', 'ö'=>'o', 'ø'=>'o', 'ù'=>'u',
        'ú'=>'u', 'û'=>'u', 'ý'=>'y', 'ý'=>'y', 'þ'=>'b', 'ÿ'=>'y', 'ƒ'=>'f'}

clean_genre = entry["genre"].chars.to_a.map { |x|
  if lookup.has_key?(x)
    lookup[x]
  else
    x
  end
}.join

for example this:

'aŠšŽž'.chars.to_a.map { |x|
  if lookup.has_key?(x)
    lookup[x]
  else
    x
  end
}.join

gives you 'aSsZz'.

Or move the block logic into the lookup table itself (thanks to steenslag for simplifying the default proc solution!):

lookup.default_proc = proc { |hash, key| key }

then the call would look as follows:

puts 'aŠšŽž'.chars.to_a.map { |x| lookup[x] }.join

Or even better (thanks again to steenslag for pointing out):

puts 'aŠšŽž'.gsub(/./) { |x| lookup[x] }

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14810489/ruby-1-9-x-replace-sets-of-characters-with-specific-cleaned-up-characters-in-a-s

标签

ruby

utf-8

transliteration