1.浏览RYU官网学习RYU控制器的安装和RYU开发入门教程,提交你对于教程代码的理解,包括但不限于
(1)描述官方教程实现了一个什么样的交换机功能?
让交换机将接收到的数据包发送到所有端口的功能。
(2)控制器设定交换机支持什么版本的OpenFlow?
OpenFlow v1.0
(3)控制器设定了交换机如何处理数据包?
@set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER) def packet_in_handler(self, ev): msg = ev.msg dp = msg.datapath ofp = dp.ofproto ofp_parser = dp.ofproto_parser actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofp.OFPP_FLOOD)] out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut( datapath=dp, buffer_id=msg.buffer_id,in_port=msg.in_port, actions=actions) dp.send_msg(out)
如上方代码所示,新方法'packet_in_handler'已添加到L2Switch类。当Ryu收到OpenFlow packet_in消息时,将调用此方法。诀窍是“ set_ev_cls”装饰器。该装饰器告诉Ryu何时应调用装饰的函数。装饰器的第一个参数指示应调用此函数的事件类型;第二个参数指示开关的状态。
在packet_in_handler函数的前半部分:
- ev.msg是表示packet_in数据结构的对象;
- msg.dp是代表数据路径(开关)的对象;
- dp.ofproto和dp.ofproto_parser是代表Ryu和交换机协商的OpenFlow协议的对象;
在packet_in_handler函数的后半部分:
- OFPActionOutput类与packet_out消息一起使用,以指定要从中发送数据包的交换机端口。该应用程序使用OFPP_FLOOD标志来指示应在所有端口上发送数据包;
- OFPPacketOut类用于构建packet_out消息;
- 如果使用OpenFlow消息类对象调用Datapath类- 的send_msg方法,则Ryu会生成联机数据格式并将其发送到交换机。
2.根据官方教程和提供的示例代码(SimpleSwitch.py),将具有自学习功能的交换机代码(SelfLearning.py)补充完整
from ryu.base import app_manager from ryu.controller import ofp_event from ryu.controller.handler import MAIN_DISPATCHER from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_0 from ryu.lib.mac import haddr_to_bin from ryu.lib.packet import packet from ryu.lib.packet import ethernet from ryu.lib.packet import ether_types class SimpleSwitch(app_manager.RyuApp): # TODO define OpenFlow 1.0 version for the switch OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_0.OFP_VERSION] # add your code here def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): super(SimpleSwitch, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) self.mac_to_port = {} def add_flow(self, datapath, in_port, dst, src, actions): ofproto = datapath.ofproto match = datapath.ofproto_parser.OFPMatch( in_port=in_port, dl_dst=haddr_to_bin(dst), dl_src=haddr_to_bin(src)) mod = datapath.ofproto_parser.OFPFlowMod( datapath=datapath, match=match, cookie=0, command=ofproto.OFPFC_ADD, idle_timeout=0, hard_timeout=0, priority=ofproto.OFP_DEFAULT_PRIORITY, flags=ofproto.OFPFF_SEND_FLOW_REM, actions=actions) # TODO send modified message out # add your code here datapath.send_msg(mod) @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER) def _packet_in_handler(self, ev): msg = ev.msg datapath = msg.datapath ofproto = datapath.ofproto pkt = packet.Packet(msg.data) eth = pkt.get_protocol(ethernet.ethernet) if eth.ethertype == ether_types.ETH_TYPE_LLDP: # ignore lldp packet return if eth.ethertype == ether_types.ETH_TYPE_IPV6: # ignore ipv6 packet return dst = eth.dst src = eth.src dpid = datapath.id self.mac_to_port.setdefault(dpid, {}) self.logger.info("packet in DPID:%s MAC_SRC:%s MAC_DST:%s IN_PORT:%s", dpid, src, dst, msg.in_port) # learn a mac address to avoid FLOOD next time. self.mac_to_port[dpid][src] = msg.in_port if dst in self.mac_to_port[dpid]: out_port = self.mac_to_port[dpid][dst] else: out_port = ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD # TODO define the action for output # add your code here actions = [datapath.ofproto_parser.OFPActionOutput(out_port)] # install a flow to avoid packet_in next time if out_port != ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD: self.logger.info("add flow s:DPID:%s Match:[ MAC_SRC:%s MAC_DST:%s IN_PORT:%s ], Action:[OUT_PUT:%s] ", dpid, src, dst, msg.in_port, out_port) self.add_flow(datapath, msg.in_port, dst, src, actions) data = None if msg.buffer_id == ofproto.OFP_NO_BUFFER: data = msg.data out = datapath.ofproto_parser.OFPPacketOut(datapath=datapath, buffer_id=msg.buffer_id, in_port=msg.in_port,actions=actions, data=data) datapath.send_msg(out)
3.在mininet创建一个最简拓扑,并连接RYU控制器
- 创建只有一个交换机两个主机的简单Topo
sudo mn --controller=remote,ip=127.0.0.1,port=6633
- 进入selflearning.py目录下,使用命令连接RYU控制器
ryu-manager selflearning.py
- 查看s1流表情况,发现没有流表下发
sudo ovs-ofctl dump-flows s1
4.验证自学习交换机的功能,提交分析过程和验证结果
- 当使用ping命令连接h1和h2时,收到交换机下发的流表
5.写下你的实验体会
按照助教博客的指导来安装ryu,过程还是非常顺利的,就是虚拟机内存紧张,幸好ryu还不算大。通过这次实验,我对ryu的学习有了进一步的理解和认识,发现ryu来控制流表下发还是非常方便的。