问题
I'm just starting to use NLTK and I don't quite understand how to get a list of words from text. If I use nltk.word_tokenize(), I get a list of words and punctuation. I need only the words instead. How can I get rid of punctuation? Also word_tokenize doesn't work with multiple sentences: dots are added to the last word.
回答1:
Take a look at the other tokenizing options that nltk provides here. For example, you can define a tokenizer that picks out sequences of alphanumeric characters as tokens and drops everything else:
from nltk.tokenize import RegexpTokenizer
tokenizer = RegexpTokenizer(r'\w+')
tokenizer.tokenize('Eighty-seven miles to go, yet. Onward!')
Output:
['Eighty', 'seven', 'miles', 'to', 'go', 'yet', 'Onward']
回答2:
You do not really need NLTK to remove punctuation. You can remove it with simple python. For strings:
import string
s = '... some string with punctuation ...'
s = s.translate(None, string.punctuation)
Or for unicode:
import string
translate_table = dict((ord(char), None) for char in string.punctuation)
s.translate(translate_table)
and then use this string in your tokenizer.
P.S. string module have some other sets of elements that can be removed (like digits).
回答3:
Below code will remove all punctuation marks as well as non alphabetic characters. Copied from their book.
http://www.nltk.org/book/ch01.html
import nltk
s = "I can't do this now, because I'm so tired. Please give me some time. @ sd 4 232"
words = nltk.word_tokenize(s)
words=[word.lower() for word in words if word.isalpha()]
print(words)
output
['i', 'ca', 'do', 'this', 'now', 'because', 'i', 'so', 'tired', 'please', 'give', 'me', 'some', 'time', 'sd']
回答4:
As noticed in comments start with sent_tokenize(), because word_tokenize() works only on a single sentence. You can filter out punctuation with filter(). And if you have an unicode strings make sure that is a unicode object (not a 'str' encoded with some encoding like 'utf-8').
from nltk.tokenize import word_tokenize, sent_tokenize
text = '''It is a blue, small, and extraordinary ball. Like no other'''
tokens = [word for sent in sent_tokenize(text) for word in word_tokenize(sent)]
print filter(lambda word: word not in ',-', tokens)
回答5:
I just used the following code, which removed all the punctuation:
tokens = nltk.wordpunct_tokenize(raw)
type(tokens)
text = nltk.Text(tokens)
type(text)
words = [w.lower() for w in text if w.isalpha()]
回答6:
I think you need some sort of regular expression matching (the following code is in Python 3):
import string
import re
import nltk
s = "I can't do this now, because I'm so tired. Please give me some time."
l = nltk.word_tokenize(s)
ll = [x for x in l if not re.fullmatch('[' + string.punctuation + ']+', x)]
print(l)
print(ll)
Output:
['I', 'ca', "n't", 'do', 'this', 'now', ',', 'because', 'I', "'m", 'so', 'tired', '.', 'Please', 'give', 'me', 'some', 'time', '.']
['I', 'ca', "n't", 'do', 'this', 'now', 'because', 'I', "'m", 'so', 'tired', 'Please', 'give', 'me', 'some', 'time']
Should work well in most cases since it removes punctuation while preserving tokens like "n't", which can't be obtained from regex tokenizers such as wordpunct_tokenize.
回答7:
I use this code to remove punctuation:
import nltk
def getTerms(sentences):
tokens = nltk.word_tokenize(sentences)
words = [w.lower() for w in tokens if w.isalnum()]
print tokens
print words
getTerms("hh, hh3h. wo shi 2 4 A . fdffdf. A&&B ")
And If you want to check whether a token is a valid English word or not, you may need PyEnchant
Tutorial:
import enchant
d = enchant.Dict("en_US")
d.check("Hello")
d.check("Helo")
d.suggest("Helo")
回答8:
Sincerely asking, what is a word? If your assumption is that a word consists of alphabetic characters only, you are wrong since words such as can't will be destroyed into pieces (such as can and t) if you remove punctuation before tokenisation, which is very likely to affect your program negatively.
Hence the solution is to tokenise and then remove punctuation tokens.
import string
from nltk.tokenize import word_tokenize
tokens = word_tokenize("I'm a southern salesman.")
# ['I', "'m", 'a', 'southern', 'salesman', '.']
tokens = list(filter(lambda token: token not in string.punctuation, tokens))
# ['I', "'m", 'a', 'southern', 'salesman']
...and then if you wish, you can replace certain tokens such as 'm with am.
回答9:
Remove punctuaion(It will remove . as well as part of punctuation handling using below code)
tbl = dict.fromkeys(i for i in range(sys.maxunicode) if unicodedata.category(chr(i)).startswith('P'))
text_string = text_string.translate(tbl) #text_string don't have punctuation
w = word_tokenize(text_string) #now tokenize the string
Sample Input/Output:
direct flat in oberoi esquire. 3 bhk 2195 saleable 1330 carpet. rate of 14500 final plus 1% floor rise. tax approx 9% only. flat cost with parking 3.89 cr plus taxes plus possession charger. middle floor. north door. arey and oberoi woods facing. 53% paymemt due. 1% transfer charge with buyer. total cost around 4.20 cr approx plus possession charges. rahul soni
['direct', 'flat', 'oberoi', 'esquire', '3', 'bhk', '2195', 'saleable', '1330', 'carpet', 'rate', '14500', 'final', 'plus', '1', 'floor', 'rise', 'tax', 'approx', '9', 'flat', 'cost', 'parking', '389', 'cr', 'plus', 'taxes', 'plus', 'possession', 'charger', 'middle', 'floor', 'north', 'door', 'arey', 'oberoi', 'woods', 'facing', '53', 'paymemt', 'due', '1', 'transfer', 'charge', 'buyer', 'total', 'cost', 'around', '420', 'cr', 'approx', 'plus', 'possession', 'charges', 'rahul', 'soni']
回答10:
Just adding to the solution by @rmalouf, this will not include any numbers because \w+ is equivalent to [a-zA-Z0-9_]
from nltk.tokenize import RegexpTokenizer
tokenizer = RegexpTokenizer(r'[a-zA-Z]')
tokenizer.tokenize('Eighty-seven miles to go, yet. Onward!')
回答11:
You can do it in one line without nltk (python 3.x).
import string
string_text= string_text.translate(str.maketrans('','',string.punctuation))
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15547409/how-to-get-rid-of-punctuation-using-nltk-tokenizer