Optimizing multiprocessing.Pool with expensive initialization

问题

Here is a complete simple working example

import multiprocessing as mp
import time
import random


class Foo:
    def __init__(self):
        # some expensive set up function in the real code
        self.x = 2
        print('initializing')

    def run(self, y):
        time.sleep(random.random() / 10.)
        return self.x + y


def f(y):
    foo = Foo()
    return foo.run(y)


def main():
    pool = mp.Pool(4)
    for result in pool.map(f, range(10)):
        print(result)
    pool.close()
    pool.join()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

How can I modify it so Foo is only initialized once by each worker, not every task? Basically I want the init called 4 times, not 10. I am using python 3.5

回答1:

The intended way to deal with things like this is via the optional initializer and initargs arguments to the Pool() constructor. They exist precisely to give you a way to do stuff exactly once when a worker process is created. So, e.g., add:

def init():
    global foo
    foo = Foo()

and change the Pool creation to:

pool = mp.Pool(4, initializer=init)

If you needed to pass arguments to your per-process initialization function, then you'd also add an appropriate initargs=... argument.

Note: of course you should also remove the

foo = Foo()

line from f(), so that your function uses the global foo created by init().

回答2:

most obvious, lazy load

_foo = None
def f(y):
    global _foo
    if not _foo:
       _foo = Foo()
    return _foo.run(y)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38795826/optimizing-multiprocessing-pool-with-expensive-initialization