所谓瀑布流效果,简单说就是宽度相同但是高度不同的一大堆图片,分成几列,然后像水流一样向下排列,并随着用户的上下滑动自动加载更多的图片内容。 语言描述比较抽象,具体效果看下面的截图:
其实这个效果在web上应用的还蛮多的,在android上也有一些应用有用到。因为看起来参差不齐,所以比较有新鲜感,不像传统的九宫格那样千篇一律。 网络上相关的文章也有几篇,但是整理后发现要么忽略了OOM的处理,要么代码的逻辑相对来说有一点混乱,滑动效果也有一点卡顿。 所以后来自己干脆换了一下思路,重新实现了这样一个瀑布流效果。目前做的测试不多,但是加载几千张图片还没有出现过OOM的情况,滑动也比较流畅。
下面大体讲解一下实现思路。 要想比较好的实现这个效果主要有两个重点: 一是在用户滑动到底部的时候加载下一组图片内容的处理。 二是当加载图片比较多的情况下,对图片进行回收,防止OOM的处理。 对于第一点,主要是加载时机的判断以及加载内容的异步处理。这一部分其实理解起来还是比较容易,具体可以参见下面给出的源码。 对于第二点,在进行回收的时候,我们的整体思路是以用户当前看到的这一个屏幕为基准,向上两屏以及向下两屏一共有5屏的内容,超出这5屏范围的bitmap将被回收。 在向上滚动的时候,将回收超过下方两屏范围的bitmap,并重载进入上方两屏的bitmap。 在向下滚动的时候,将回收超过上方两屏范围的bitmap,并重载进入下方两屏的bitmap。 具体的实现思路还是参见源码,我有给出比较详细的注释。 先来看一下项目的结构:
WaterFall.java
- package com.carrey.waterfall.waterfall;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.Random;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.graphics.Color;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.Message;
- import android.util.AttributeSet;
- import android.view.MotionEvent;
- import android.widget.LinearLayout;
- import android.widget.ScrollView;
- /**
- * 瀑布流
- * 某些参数做了固定设置,如果想扩展功能,可自行修改
- * @author carrey
- *
- */
- public class WaterFall extends ScrollView {
-
- /** 延迟发送message的handler */
- private DelayHandler delayHandler;
- /** 添加单元到瀑布流中的Handler */
- private AddItemHandler addItemHandler;
-
- /** ScrollView直接包裹的LinearLayout */
- private LinearLayout containerLayout;
- /** 存放所有的列Layout */
- private ArrayList<LinearLayout> colLayoutArray;
-
- /** 当前所处的页面(已经加载了几次) */
- private int currentPage;
-
- /** 存储每一列中向上方向的未被回收bitmap的单元的最小行号 */
- private int[] currentTopLineIndex;
- /** 存储每一列中向下方向的未被回收bitmap的单元的最大行号 */
- private int[] currentBomLineIndex;
- /** 存储每一列中已经加载的最下方的单元的行号 */
- private int[] bomLineIndex;
- /** 存储每一列的高度 */
- private int[] colHeight;
-
- /** 所有的图片资源路径 */
- private String[] imageFilePaths;
-
- /** 瀑布流显示的列数 */
- private int colCount;
- /** 瀑布流每一次加载的单元数量 */
- private int pageCount;
- /** 瀑布流容纳量 */
- private int capacity;
-
- private Random random;
-
- /** 列的宽度 */
- private int colWidth;
-
- private boolean isFirstPage;
- public WaterFall(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
- super(context, attrs, defStyle);
- init();
- }
- public WaterFall(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
- super(context, attrs);
- init();
- }
- public WaterFall(Context context) {
- super(context);
- init();
- }
-
- /** 基本初始化工作 */
- private void init() {
- delayHandler = new DelayHandler(this);
- addItemHandler = new AddItemHandler(this);
- colCount = 4;//默认情况下是4列
- pageCount = 30;//默认每次加载30个瀑布流单元
- capacity = 10000;//默认容纳10000张图
- random = new Random();
- colWidth = getResources().getDisplayMetrics().widthPixels / colCount;
-
- colHeight = new int[colCount];
- currentTopLineIndex = new int[colCount];
- currentBomLineIndex = new int[colCount];
- bomLineIndex = new int[colCount];
- colLayoutArray = new ArrayList<LinearLayout>();
- }
-
- /**
- * 在外部调用 第一次装载页面 必须调用
- */
- public void setup() {
- containerLayout = new LinearLayout(getContext());
- containerLayout.setBackgroundColor(Color.WHITE);
- LinearLayout.LayoutParams layoutParams = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(
- LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
- addView(containerLayout, layoutParams);
-
- for (int i = 0; i < colCount; i++) {
- LinearLayout colLayout = new LinearLayout(getContext());
- LinearLayout.LayoutParams colLayoutParams = new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(
- colWidth, LinearLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
- colLayout.setPadding(2, 2, 2, 2);
- colLayout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
-
- containerLayout.addView(colLayout, colLayoutParams);
- colLayoutArray.add(colLayout);
- }
-
- try {
- imageFilePaths = getContext().getAssets().list("images");
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- //添加第一页
- addNextPageContent(true);
- }
- @Override
- public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
- switch (ev.getAction()) {
- case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
- break;
- case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
- //手指离开屏幕的时候向DelayHandler延时发送一个信息,然后DelayHandler
- //届时来判断当前的滑动位置,进行不同的处理。
- delayHandler.sendMessageDelayed(delayHandler.obtainMessage(), 200);
- break;
- }
- return super.onTouchEvent(ev);
- }
-
- @Override
- protected void onScrollChanged(int l, int t, int oldl, int oldt) {
- //在滚动过程中,回收滚动了很远的bitmap,防止OOM
- /*---回收算法说明:
- * 回收的整体思路是:
- * 我们只保持当前手机显示的这一屏以及上方两屏和下方两屏 一共5屏内容的Bitmap,
- * 超出这个范围的单元Bitmap都被回收。
- * 这其中又包括了一种情况就是之前回收过的单元的重新加载。
- * 详细的讲解:
- * 向下滚动的时候:回收超过上方两屏的单元Bitmap,重载进入下方两屏以内Bitmap
- * 向上滚动的时候:回收超过下方两屏的单元bitmao,重载进入上方两屏以内bitmap
- * ---*/
- int viewHeight = getHeight();
- if (t > oldt) {//向下滚动
- if (t > 2 * viewHeight) {
- for (int i = 0; i < colCount; i++) {
- LinearLayout colLayout = colLayoutArray.get(i);
- //回收上方超过两屏bitmap
- FlowingView topItem = (FlowingView) colLayout.getChildAt(currentTopLineIndex[i]);
- if (topItem.getFootHeight() < t - 2 * viewHeight) {
- topItem.recycle();
- currentTopLineIndex[i] ++;
- }
- //重载下方进入(+1)两屏以内bitmap
- FlowingView bomItem = (FlowingView) colLayout.getChildAt(Math.min(currentBomLineIndex[i] + 1, bomLineIndex[i]));
- if (bomItem.getFootHeight() <= t + 3 * viewHeight) {
- bomItem.reload();
- currentBomLineIndex[i] = Math.min(currentBomLineIndex[i] + 1, bomLineIndex[i]);
- }
- }
- }
- } else {//向上滚动
- for (int i = 0; i < colCount; i++) {
- LinearLayout colLayout = colLayoutArray.get(i);
- //回收下方超过两屏bitmap
- FlowingView bomItem = (FlowingView) colLayout.getChildAt(currentBomLineIndex[i]);
- if (bomItem.getFootHeight() > t + 3 * viewHeight) {
- bomItem.recycle();
- currentBomLineIndex[i] --;
- }
- //重载上方进入(-1)两屏以内bitmap
- FlowingView topItem = (FlowingView) colLayout.getChildAt(Math.max(currentTopLineIndex[i] - 1, 0));
- if (topItem.getFootHeight() >= t - 2 * viewHeight) {
- topItem.reload();
- currentTopLineIndex[i] = Math.max(currentTopLineIndex[i] - 1, 0);
- }
- }
- }
- super.onScrollChanged(l, t, oldl, oldt);
- }
-
- /**
- * 这里之所以要用一个Handler,是为了使用他的延迟发送message的函数
- * 延迟的效果在于,如果用户快速滑动,手指很早离开屏幕,然后滑动到了底部的时候,
- * 因为信息稍后发送,在手指离开屏幕到滑动到底部的这个时间差内,依然能够加载图片
- * @author carrey
- *
- */
- private static class DelayHandler extends Handler {
- private WeakReference<WaterFall> waterFallWR;
- private WaterFall waterFall;
- public DelayHandler(WaterFall waterFall) {
- waterFallWR = new WeakReference<WaterFall>(waterFall);
- this.waterFall = waterFallWR.get();
- }
-
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- //判断当前滑动到的位置,进行不同的处理
- if (waterFall.getScrollY() + waterFall.getHeight() >=
- waterFall.getMaxColHeight() - 20) {
- //滑动到底部,添加下一页内容
- waterFall.addNextPageContent(false);
- } else if (waterFall.getScrollY() == 0) {
- //滑动到了顶部
- } else {
- //滑动在中间位置
- }
- super.handleMessage(msg);
- }
- }
-
- /**
- * 添加单元到瀑布流中的Handler
- * @author carrey
- *
- */
- private static class AddItemHandler extends Handler {
- private WeakReference<WaterFall> waterFallWR;
- private WaterFall waterFall;
- public AddItemHandler(WaterFall waterFall) {
- waterFallWR = new WeakReference<WaterFall>(waterFall);
- this.waterFall = waterFallWR.get();
- }
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case 0x00:
- FlowingView flowingView = (FlowingView)msg.obj;
- waterFall.addItem(flowingView);
- break;
- }
- super.handleMessage(msg);
- }
- }
- /**
- * 添加单元到瀑布流中
- * @param flowingView
- */
- private void addItem(FlowingView flowingView) {
- int minHeightCol = getMinHeightColIndex();
- colLayoutArray.get(minHeightCol).addView(flowingView);
- colHeight[minHeightCol] += flowingView.getViewHeight();
- flowingView.setFootHeight(colHeight[minHeightCol]);
-
- if (!isFirstPage) {
- bomLineIndex[minHeightCol] ++;
- currentBomLineIndex[minHeightCol] ++;
- }
- }
-
- /**
- * 添加下一个页面的内容
- */
- private void addNextPageContent(boolean isFirstPage) {
- this.isFirstPage = isFirstPage;
-
- //添加下一个页面的pageCount个单元内容
- for (int i = pageCount * currentPage;
- i < pageCount * (currentPage + 1) && i < capacity; i++) {
- new Thread(new PrepareFlowingViewRunnable(i)).run();
- }
- currentPage ++;
- }
-
- /**
- * 异步加载要添加的FlowingView
- * @author carrey
- *
- */
- private class PrepareFlowingViewRunnable implements Runnable {
- private int id;
- public PrepareFlowingViewRunnable (int id) {
- this.id = id;
- }
-
- @Override
- public void run() {
- FlowingView flowingView = new FlowingView(getContext(), id, colWidth);
- String imageFilePath = "images/" + imageFilePaths[random.nextInt(imageFilePaths.length)];
- flowingView.setImageFilePath(imageFilePath);
- flowingView.loadImage();
- addItemHandler.sendMessage(addItemHandler.obtainMessage(0x00, flowingView));
- }
-
- }
-
- /**
- * 获得所有列中的最大高度
- * @return
- */
- private int getMaxColHeight() {
- int maxHeight = colHeight[0];
- for (int i = 1; i < colHeight.length; i++) {
- if (colHeight[i] > maxHeight)
- maxHeight = colHeight[i];
- }
- return maxHeight;
- }
-
- /**
- * 获得目前高度最小的列的索引
- * @return
- */
- private int getMinHeightColIndex() {
- int index = 0;
- for (int i = 1; i < colHeight.length; i++) {
- if (colHeight[i] < colHeight[index])
- index = i;
- }
- return index;
- }
- }
复制代码
FlowingView.java
- package com.carrey.waterfall.waterfall;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.graphics.Bitmap;
- import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
- import android.graphics.Canvas;
- import android.graphics.Color;
- import android.graphics.Paint;
- import android.graphics.Rect;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.widget.Toast;
- /**
- * 瀑布流中流动的单元
- * @author carrey
- *
- */
- public class FlowingView extends View implements View.OnClickListener, View.OnLongClickListener {
-
- /** 单元的编号,在整个瀑布流中是唯一的,可以用来标识身份 */
- private int index;
-
- /** 单元中要显示的图片Bitmap */
- private Bitmap imageBmp;
- /** 图像文件的路径 */
- private String imageFilePath;
- /** 单元的宽度,也是图像的宽度 */
- private int width;
- /** 单元的高度,也是图像的高度 */
- private int height;
-
- /** 画笔 */
- private Paint paint;
- /** 图像绘制区域 */
- private Rect rect;
-
- /** 这个单元的底部到它所在列的顶部之间的距离 */
- private int footHeight;
-
- public FlowingView(Context context, int index, int width) {
- super(context);
- this.index = index;
- this.width = width;
- init();
- }
-
- /**
- * 基本初始化工作
- */
- private void init() {
- setOnClickListener(this);
- setOnLongClickListener(this);
- paint = new Paint();
- paint.setAntiAlias(true);
- }
-
- @Override
- protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
- setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
- }
-
- @Override
- protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
- //绘制图像
- canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);
- if (imageBmp != null && rect != null) {
- canvas.drawBitmap(imageBmp, null, rect, paint);
- }
- super.onDraw(canvas);
- }
-
- /**
- * 被WaterFall调用异步加载图片数据
- */
- public void loadImage() {
- InputStream inStream = null;
- try {
- inStream = getContext().getAssets().open(imageFilePath);
- imageBmp = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inStream);
- inStream.close();
- inStream = null;
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- if (imageBmp != null) {
- int bmpWidth = imageBmp.getWidth();
- int bmpHeight = imageBmp.getHeight();
- height = (int) (bmpHeight * width / bmpWidth);
- rect = new Rect(0, 0, width, height);
- }
- }
-
- /**
- * 重新加载回收了的Bitmap
- */
- public void reload() {
- if (imageBmp == null) {
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
-
- @Override
- public void run() {
- InputStream inStream = null;
- try {
- inStream = getContext().getAssets().open(imageFilePath);
- imageBmp = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inStream);
- inStream.close();
- inStream = null;
- postInvalidate();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }).start();
- }
- }
-
- /**
- * 防止OOM进行回收
- */
- public void recycle() {
- if (imageBmp == null || imageBmp.isRecycled())
- return;
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
-
- @Override
- public void run() {
- imageBmp.recycle();
- imageBmp = null;
- postInvalidate();
- }
- }).start();
- }
-
- @Override
- public boolean onLongClick(View v) {
- Toast.makeText(getContext(), "long click : " + index, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- return true;
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- Toast.makeText(getContext(), "click : " + index, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- /**
- * 获取单元的高度
- * @return
- */
- public int getViewHeight() {
- return height;
- }
- /**
- * 设置图片路径
- * @param imageFilePath
- */
- public void setImageFilePath(String imageFilePath) {
- this.imageFilePath = imageFilePath;
- }
- public Bitmap getImageBmp() {
- return imageBmp;
- }
- public void setImageBmp(Bitmap imageBmp) {
- this.imageBmp = imageBmp;
- }
- public int getFootHeight() {
- return footHeight;
- }
- public void setFootHeight(int footHeight) {
- this.footHeight = footHeight;
- }
- }
复制代码
MainActivity.java
- package com.carrey.waterfall;
- import com.carrey.waterfall.waterfall.WaterFall;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.app.Activity;
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
-
- WaterFall waterFall = (WaterFall) findViewById(R.id.waterfall);
- waterFall.setup();
- }
- }
复制代码
activity_main.xml
- <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- tools:context=".MainActivity" >
- <com.carrey.waterfall.waterfall.WaterFall
- android:id="@+id/waterfall"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
- </RelativeLayout>
复制代码
WaterFall.rar (6.8 MB, 下载次数: 1082)
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