How to accumulate gradients in tensorflow?

问题

I have a question similar to this one.

Because I have limited resources and I work with a deep model (VGG-16) - used to train a triplet network - I want to accumulate gradients for 128 batches of size one training example, and then propagate the error and update the weights.

It's not clear to me how do I do this. I work with tensorflow but any implementation/pseudocode is welcome.

回答1:

Let's walk through the code proposed in one of the answers you liked to:

## Optimizer definition - nothing different from any classical example
opt = tf.train.AdamOptimizer()

## Retrieve all trainable variables you defined in your graph
tvs = tf.trainable_variables()
## Creation of a list of variables with the same shape as the trainable ones
# initialized with 0s
accum_vars = [tf.Variable(tf.zeros_like(tv.initialized_value()), trainable=False) for tv in tvs]
zero_ops = [tv.assign(tf.zeros_like(tv)) for tv in accum_vars]

## Calls the compute_gradients function of the optimizer to obtain... the list of gradients
gvs = opt.compute_gradients(rmse, tvs)

## Adds to each element from the list you initialized earlier with zeros its gradient (works because accum_vars and gvs are in the same order)
accum_ops = [accum_vars[i].assign_add(gv[0]) for i, gv in enumerate(gvs)]

## Define the training step (part with variable value update)
train_step = opt.apply_gradients([(accum_vars[i], gv[1]) for i, gv in enumerate(gvs)])

This first part basically adds new variables and ops to your graph which will allow you to

1. Accumulate the gradient with ops accum_ops in (the list of) variable accum_vars
2. Update the model weights with ops train_step

Then, to use it when training, you have to follow these steps (still from the answer you linked):

## The while loop for training
while ...:
    # Run the zero_ops to initialize it
    sess.run(zero_ops)
    # Accumulate the gradients 'n_minibatches' times in accum_vars using accum_ops
    for i in xrange(n_minibatches):
        sess.run(accum_ops, feed_dict=dict(X: Xs[i], y: ys[i]))
    # Run the train_step ops to update the weights based on your accumulated gradients
    sess.run(train_step)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46772685/how-to-accumulate-gradients-in-tensorflow