AttributeError: 'Pool' object has no attribute '__exit__'

问题

I'm doing some multiprocessing python scripts using multiprocessing.Pool. These scripts look like the following:

from multiprocessing import Pool

def f(x):
    return x*x

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with Pool(processes=4) as pool:         # start 4 worker processes
        print(pool.map(f, range(10)))       # prints "[0, 1, 4,..., 81]"

When running this with Python 3.4, everything is fine. However, when using Python 2.6 or 3.1 I get this error:

AttributeError: 'Pool' object has no attribute '__exit__'

Using Python 2.7 or 3.2, the error is essentially the same:

AttributeError: __exit__

Why does this happen and how can I circumvent this?

回答1:

The documentation says that multiprocessing.pool supports the context management protocol (with statements) in Python version 3.3 and above.

New in version 3.3: Pool objects now support the context management protocol – see Context Manager Types. __enter__() returns the pool object, and __exit__() calls terminate().

So you either need a newer version of Python, or use one of the two following possibilities changing your code (tested with Python versions 2.6, 2.7, 3.1, 3.2):

1. rewrite your code like this to eliminate the with statement:

   from multiprocessing import Pool
   
   def f(x):
       return x*x
   
   if __name__ == '__main__':
       pool = Pool(processes=4)            # start 4 worker processes
       print(pool.map(f, range(10)))       # prints "[0, 1, 4,..., 81]"
       pool.terminate()
   

2. as pointed out in the comments, use contextlib.closing():

   from multiprocessing import Pool
   import contextlib
   
   def f(x):
       return x*x
   
   if __name__ == '__main__':
       with contextlib.closing(Pool(processes=4)) as pool:
           print(pool.map(f, range(10)))
   

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27065237/attributeerror-pool-object-has-no-attribute-exit