配置Hive

Hive是基于Hadoop构建的一套数据仓库分析系统，它提供了丰富的SQL查询方式来分析存储在Hadoop 分布式文件系统中的数据。其在Hadoop的架构体系中承担了一个SQL解析的过程，它提供了对外的入口来获取用户的指令然后对指令进行分析，解析出一个MapReduce程序组成可执行计划，并按照该计划生成对应的MapReduce任务提交给Hadoop集群处理，获取最终的结果。元数据——如表模式——存储在名为metastore的数据库中。

系统环境

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192.168.186.128 hadoop-master
192.168.186.129 hadoop-slave
MySQL安装在master机器上，hive服务器也安装在master上

Hive下载

下载源码包，最新版本可自行去官网下载

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/hive/hive-1.2.1/apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ tar -zxf apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz 
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ ls
apache-hive-1.2.1-bin  apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz  dfs  hadoop-2.7.1  Hsource  tmp

配置环境变量

[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# vi /etc/profile
HIVE_HOME=/home/hadoop/apache-hive-1.2.1-bin
PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
export HIVE_NAME PATH
[root@hadoop-master hadoop]# source /etc/profile

Metastore

metastore是Hive元数据集中存放地。它包括两部分：服务和后台数据存储。有三种方式配置metastore：内嵌metastore、本地metastore以及远程metastore。
本次搭建中采用MySQL作为远程仓库，部署在hadoop-master节点上，hive服务端也安装在hive-master上，hive客户端即hadoop-slave访问hive服务器。

修改配置文件

进入到hive的配置文件目录下，找到hive-default.xml.template，cp份为hive-default.xml
另创建hive-site.xml并添加参数

[hadoop@hadoop-master conf]$ cp hive-default.xml.template hive-site.xml
[hadoop@hadoop-master conf]$ pwd
/home/hadoop/apache-hive-1.2.1-bin/conf
[hadoop@hadoop-master conf]$ vi hive-site.xml
<configuration>
	<property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
        <value>jdbc:mysql://hadoop-master:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
        <description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>    
	</property>   
	<property> 
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name> 
        <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value> 
        <description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>     
	</property>               
 
	<property> 
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
        <value>hive<value>
        <description>username to use against metastore database</description>
	</property>
	<property>  
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
        <value>hive</value>
        <description>password to use against metastore database</description>  
	</property>          
</configuration>

JDBC下载

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ wget http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/Connector-J/mysql-connector-java-5.1.36.tar.gz
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ ls
apache-hive-1.2.1-bin  dfs  hadoop-2.7.1  Hsource  tmp
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.33-bin.jar apache-hive-1.2.1-bin/lib/

Hive客户端配置

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ scp -r apache-hive-1.2.1-bin/ hadoop@hadoop-slave:/home/hadoop
[hadoop@hadoop-slave conf]$ vi hive-site.xml
<configuration>
    <property>  
		<name>hive.metastore.uris</name>  
	<value>thrift://hadoop-master:9083</value>  
	</property>
</configuration>

Hive启动

要启动metastore服务

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ hive --service metastore &
[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ jps
10288 RunJar  #多了一个进程
9365 NameNode
9670 SecondaryNameNode
11096 Jps
9944 NodeManager
9838 ResourceManager
9471 DataNode

Hive服务器端访问

[hadoop@hadoop-master ~]$ hive
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-1.2.1-bin/lib/hive-common-1.2.1.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
hive> show databases;
OK
default
src
Time taken: 1.332 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
hive> use src;
OK
Time taken: 0.037 seconds
hive> create table test1(id int);
OK
Time taken: 0.572 seconds
hive> show tables;
OK
abc
test
test1
Time taken: 0.057 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
hive>

Hive客户端访问

[hadoop@hadoop-slave conf]$ hive
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/home/hadoop/apache-hive-1.2.1-bin/lib/hive-common-1.2.1.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
hive> show databases;
OK
default
src
Time taken: 1.022 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
hive> use src;
OK
Time taken: 0.057 seconds
hive> show tables;
OK
abc
test
test1
Time taken: 0.218 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
hive> create table test2(id int ,name string);
OK
Time taken: 5.518 seconds
hive> show tables;
OK
abc
test
test1
test2
Time taken: 0.102 seconds, Fetched: 4 row(s)
hive>

好了，测试完毕，已经安装成功了。

安装问题纠错

Hive数据库编码问题

错误描述：hive进入后可以创建数据库，但是无法创建表

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hive>create table table_test(id string,name string);
FAILED: Execution Error, return code 1 from org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.DDLTask.MetaException(message:javax.jdo.JDODataStoreException: An exception was thrown while adding/validating class(es) : Specified key was too long; max key length is 767 bytes

解决办法：登录mysql修改下hive数据库的编码方式