Clean way to launch the web browser from shell script?

问题

In a bash script, I need to launch the user web browser. There seems to be many ways of doing this:

• $BROWSER
• xdg-open
• gnome-open on GNOME
• www-browser
• x-www-browser
• ...

Is there a more-standard-than-the-others way to do this that would work on most platforms, or should I just go with something like this:

#/usr/bin/env bash

if [ -n $BROWSER ]; then
  $BROWSER 'http://wwww.google.com'
elif which xdg-open > /dev/null; then
  xdg-open 'http://wwww.google.com'
elif which gnome-open > /dev/null; then
  gnome-open 'http://wwww.google.com'
# elif bla bla bla...
else
  echo "Could not detect the web browser to use."
fi

回答1:

xdg-open is standardized and should be available in most distributions.

Otherwise:

1. eval is evil, don't use it.
2. Quote your variables.
3. Use the correct test operators in the correct way.

Here is an example:

#!/bin/bash
if which xdg-open > /dev/null
then
  xdg-open URL
elif which gnome-open > /dev/null
then
  gnome-open URL
fi

Maybe this version is slightly better (still untested):

#!/bin/bash
URL=$1
[[ -x $BROWSER ]] && exec "$BROWSER" "$URL"
path=$(which xdg-open || which gnome-open) && exec "$path" "$URL"
echo "Can't find browser"

回答2:

python -mwebbrowser http://example.com

works on many platforms

回答3:

OSX:

$ open -a /Applications/Safari.app http://www.google.com

or

$ open -a /Applications/Firefox.app http://www.google.com

or simply...

$ open some_url

回答4:

You could use the following:

x-www-browser

It won't run the user's but rather the system's default X browser.

See: this thread.

回答5:

Taking the other answers and making a version that works for all major OS's as well as checking to ensure that a URL is passed in as a run-time variable:

#!/bin/bash
if [ -z $1 ]; then
  echo "Must run command with the url you want to visit."
  exit 1
else
  URL=$1
fi
[[ -x $BROWSER ]] && exec "$BROWSER" "$URL"
path=$(which xdg-open || which gnome-open) && exec "$path" "$URL"
if open -Ra "safari" ; then
  echo "VERIFIED: 'Safari' is installed, opening browser..."
  open -a safari "$URL"
else
  echo "Can't find any browser"
fi

回答6:

This may not apply exactly to what you want to do, but there is a really easy way to create and launch a server using the http-server npm package.

Once installed (just npm install http-server -g) you can put

http-server -o

in your bash script and it will launch a server from the current directory and open a browser to that page.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3124556/clean-way-to-launch-the-web-browser-from-shell-script