MATLAB: comparison of cell arrays of string

问题

I have two cell arrays of strings, and I want to check if they contain the same strings (they do not have to be in the same order, nor do we know if they are of the same lengths).

For example:

a = {'2' '4' '1' '3'};
b = {'1' '2' '4' '3'};

or

a = {'2' '4' '1' '3' '5'};
b = {'1' '2' '4' '3'};

First I thought of strcmp but it would require looping over one cell contents and compare against the other. I also considered ismember by using something like:

ismember(a,b) & ismember(b,a)

but then we don't know in advance that they are of the same length (obvious case of unequal). So how would you perform this comparison in the most efficient way without writing too many cases of if/else.

回答1:

You could use the function SETXOR, which will return the values that are not in the intersection of the two cell arrays. If it returns an empty array, then the two cell arrays contain the same values:

arraysAreEqual = isempty(setxor(a,b));

---

EDIT: Some performance measures...

Since you were curious about performance measures, I thought I'd test the speed of my solution against the two solutions listed by Amro (which use ISMEMBER and STRCMP/CELLFUN). I first created two large cell arrays:

a = cellstr(num2str((1:10000).'));  %'# A cell array with 10,000 strings
b = cellstr(num2str((1:10001).'));  %'# A cell array with 10,001 strings

Next, I ran each solution 100 times over to get a mean execution time. Then, I swapped a and b and reran it. Here are the results:

    Method     |      Time     |  a and b swapped
---------------+---------------+------------------
Using SETXOR   |   0.0549 sec  |    0.0578 sec
Using ISMEMBER |   0.0856 sec  |    0.0426 sec
Using STRCMP   |       too long to bother ;)

Notice that the SETXOR solution has consistently fast timing. The ISMEMBER solution will actually run slightly faster if a has elements that are not in b. This is due to the short-circuit && which skips the second half of the calculation (because we already know a and b do not contain the same values). However, if all of the values in a are also in b, the ISMEMBER solution is significantly slower.

回答2:

You can still use ISMEMBER function like you did with a small modification:

arraysAreEqual = all(ismember(a,b)) && all(ismember(b,a))

Also, you can write the loop version with STRCMP as one line:

arraysAreEqual = all( cellfun(@(s)any(strcmp(s,b)), a) )

---

EDIT: I'm adding a third solution adapted from another SO question:

g = grp2idx([a;b]);
v = all( unique(g(1:numel(a))) == unique(g(numel(a)+1:end)) );

In the same spirit, Im performed the time comparison (using the TIMEIT function):

function perfTests()
    a = cellstr( num2str((1:10000)') );            %#' fix SO highlighting
    b = a( randperm(length(a)) );

    timeit( @() func1(a,b) )
    timeit( @() func2(a,b) )
    timeit( @() func3(a,b) )
    timeit( @() func4(a,b) )
end

function v = func1(a,b)
    v = isempty(setxor(a,b));                      %# @gnovice answer
end

function v = func2(a,b)
    v = all(ismember(a,b)) && all(ismember(b,a));
end

function v = func3(a,b)
    v = all( cellfun(@(s)any(strcmp(s,b)), a) );
end

function v = func4(a,b)
    g = grp2idx([a;b]);
    v = all( unique(g(1:numel(a))) == unique(g(numel(a)+1:end)) );
end

and the results in the same order of functions (lower is better):

ans =
     0.032527
ans =
     0.055853
ans =
       8.6431
ans =
     0.022362

回答3:

Take a look at the function intersect

What MATLAB Help says:

[c, ia, ib] = intersect(a, b) also returns column index vectors ia and ib such that c = a(ia) and b(ib) (or c = a(ia,:) and b(ib,:)).

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3231580/matlab-comparison-of-cell-arrays-of-string