NFA转换为等价的DFA

◇◆丶佛笑我妖孽 提交于 2019-12-03 13:05:58

 在编译系统中,词法分析阶段是整个编译系统的基础。对于单词的识别,有限自动机FA是一种十分有效的工具。有限自动机由其映射f是否为单值而分为确定的有限自动机DFA和非确定的有限自动机NFA。在非确定的有限自动机NFA中,由于某些状态的转移需从若干个可能的后续状态中进行选择,故一个NFA对符号串的识别就必然是一个试探的过程。这种不确定性给识别过程带来的反复,无疑会影响到FA的工作效率。因此,对于一个非确定的有限自动机NFA M,经常的做法是构造一个确定的有限自动机DFA M’。

 有穷自动机(也称有限自动机)作为一种识别装置,能准确地识别正规集,即识别正规文法所定义的语言和正规式所表示的集合。引入有穷自动机理论,正是为词法分析程序的自动构造寻找特殊的方法和工具。
有穷自动机分为两类:确定的有穷自动机(Deterministic Finite Automata,DFA)和不确定的有穷自动机(Nondeterministic Finite Automata,NFA)。下面分别给出确定的有穷自动机和不确定的有穷自动机的定义、与其有关的概念、不确定的有穷自动机的确定化以及确定的有穷自动机的化简等算法。

 NFA转换为等价的DFA:在有穷自动机的理论里,有这样的定理:设L为一个由不确定的有穷自动机接受的集合,则存在一个接受L的确定的有穷自动机。这里不对定理进行证明,只介绍一种算法,将NFA转换成接受同样语言的DFA,这种算法称为子集法。宝阀为一个NFA构造相应的DFA的基本想法是让DFA的每一个状态对应NFA的一组状态。也就是让DFA使用它的状态去记录在NFA读入一个输入符号后可能达到的所有状态,在读入输入符号串a1a2...an,之后,DFA处在那样一个状态,该状态表示这个NFA的状态的一个子集T,T是从NFA的开始状态沿着某个标记为a1a2...an,的路径可以到达的那些状态构成的。

2|0题目:


1.设有 NFA M=( {0,1,2,3}, {a,b},f,0,{3} ),其中 f(0,a)={0,1}  f(0,b)={0}  f(1,b)={2}  f(2,b)={3}

   画出状态转换矩阵,状态转换图,并说明该NFA识别的是什么样的语言。

  a b
0 0,1 0
1   2
2   3
3    

 

语言:(a | b)*abb

 

2.NFA 确定化为 DFA

1.解决多值映射:子集法

1). 上述练习1的NFA

    a b
A {0} {0,1} {0}
B {0,1} {0,1} {0,2}
C {0,2} {0,1} {0,3}
D {0,3} {0,1} {0}

DFA图:

2). P64页练习3

 

 

DFA状态转换矩阵

    0 1
A {S} {V,Q} {Q,U}
B {V,Q} {Z,V} {Q,U}
C {Q,U} {V} {Q,U,Z}
D {V} {Z}  
{Z,V} {Z} {Z}
{Q,U,Z} {Z,V}  {Q,Z} 
{Z}  {Z}   {Z} 
{Q,Z}   {Z}  {Q,Z} 

DFA图:

 

 

 

 

 

2.解决空弧:对初态和所有新状态求ε-闭包

1). 发给大家的图2

 DFA状态转换矩阵

    0
 X  ε{A}={ABC}   ε{A}={ABC}   ε{B}={BC}   ε{C}={C}
 Y  ε{BC}    ε{B}={BC}  ε{C}={C} 
 Z  ε{C}       ε{C}={C}

DFA图:

 

语法:(0*11* | 0*)22* 

 

2).P50图3.6

 

 

DFA状态转换矩阵

    a b
 0  ε{0}={01247}  ε{38}={3671248}  ε{5}={567124}
 1   ε{1234678}  ε{38}={1234678}  ε{59}={5671249}
 2   ε{124567}  ε{38}={3671248}  ε{5}={567124} 
 3   ε{1245679}  ε{38}={3671248}  ε{510}={56712410}
 4   ε{12456710}  ε{38}={3671248}  ε{5}={567124} 

DFA图:

 

子集法:

f(q,a)={q1,q2,…,qn},状态集的子集

将{q1,q2,…,qn}看做一个状态A,去记录NFA读入输入符号之后可能达到的所有状态的集合。

步骤:

1).根据NFA构造DFA状态转换矩阵

①确定DFA的字母表,初态(NFA的所有初态集)

②从初态出发,经字母表到达的状态集看成一个新状态

③将新状态添加到DFA状态集

④重复23步骤,直到没有新的DFA状态

2).画出DFA

3).看NFA和DFA识别的符号串是否一致。

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