Advice with Dynamic Forms in ASP.NET MVC

问题

I am working on rendering a dynamic form in an ASP.NET MVC view that will meet these requirements:

Fields can be validated
State is preserved when the form is invalid

I am looking into creating a custom model binder to achieve this. I am generally planning to do this:

Form fields are defined with these properties
- Prompt (label next to fields)
- Type (text, checkboxlist, radiolist, etc.)
- Choices (for list fields)
- IsRequired
- RegularExpression (for text fields)
- Display Options
- Collection of field definitions are sent from the controller to the view
- Fields are rendered into HTML and sent to the browser
- Form is sent back to the server
- A custom model binder binds the form to a collection of field definitions that now contains the submitted values
- Each field is validated
- If required -> must have a value
- If RegEx -> must match
- For each invalid field, an error message is added to modelstate
- The controller decides what to do
- If all fields are valid
  - Do whatever with the fields and their values
- If 1 or more fields are invalid
  - Send the collection of fields back to the view
  - Render the fields again, with their previously attempted values
  - Show the validation summary

I'm not sure if I am doing this in the best or easiest way. Will this approach give me a lot of problems or even work? What can I do to improve upon it?

回答1:

I wrote a class library that basically does exactly what my psuedocode in my question describes. It works great.

EDIT:

I finally got around to cleaning up my class library. I have added some new features and created a fairly well documented demo web application.

All of this is hosted here on CodePlex. I hope this helps someone.

回答2:

I am by no means an expert, but if you are very new to ASP.NET MVC, then I recommend you start with the built-in functionality before rolling your own. It does most of what you have described, except does not encourage UI to be defined/constructed in the controller, since that is the job of the view.

Through the ModelStateDictionary you can add model errors and set model values which will then get bound to your form inputs on validation fail.

Update: Another way to look at it: ask yourself why you are using MVC over classic ASP.NET construction techniques, and then see if your proposed approach aligns with those reasons. For me separation of concerns was a huge reason, as well as granular control over the HTML generated, and I feel like your approach may subvert those things.

To address your edit specifically:

Steps 1 through through are against the MVC paradigm. Step 4, fine. Steps 5 through 7 are pretty much standard MVC practice and fully supported by the framework. E.g., Performing Simple Validation (C#) shows example of validation and presentation of error messages.

回答3:

Although not an expert I had to create a solution where my main object had a list of values. Lets call it Object A has a list of ApplicationValues that are mapped in the database. The ApplicationValues have a Key (the form field e.g. PhoneNumber) and the Value.

As the ApplicationValues were an EntitySet I had to create get and set methods to correctly handle setting a specific ApplicationValue. I also had a list of ApplicationRules in my database that defined what these application values could take.

Here is a snippet of code that may help you develop a solution for your needs.

public partial ApplicationValue
{
    public string Key;
    public string Value;
}

public partial ApplicationRule
{
    public string ValidationFormat;
    public string ValidationError;
    public bool Required;
}

public partial class A
{
    public void SetValue(string key, string value)
    {
        //ApplicationValues is the list of values associated to object A
        ApplicationValue v = ApplicationValues.SingleOrDefault
        (k => k.Key == key);

        //if we already have this value
        if (v != null)
        {   //...then we can simply set and return
            v.Value = value;
            return;
        }

        //else we need to create a new ApplicationValue
        v = new ApplicationValue
            {
                AffinityID = this.ID,
                Key = key,
                Value = value
            };

        ApplicationValues.Add(v);
    }

    public string GetValue(ApplicationField key)
    {
        return GetValue(key, String.Empty);
    }

    public string GetValue(ApplicationField key, string defaultValue)
    {
        if (ApplicationValues == null)
            return defaultValue;

        ApplicationValue value = ApplicationValues.SingleOrDefault
        (f => f.Key == key.ToString());

        return (value != null) ? value.Value : defaultValue;
    }

And then to do the form validation I loop through ApplicationRules (which defines if a field is required, contains a regex etc) and match it to the FormCollection.

public ActionResult Details(FormCollection form)
{
    IList<ApplicationRule> applicationRules = //get my rules from the DB

    if (!(ValidateApplication(applicationRules, form, a)))
    {
        ModelState.AddModelError("message", "Please review the errors below.");
        return View(a);
    }
    ...
}

private bool ValidateApplication(IList<ApplicationRule> applicationRules,
                                 FormCollection form, A a)
    {
        //loop through the application rules
        foreach (ApplicationRule ar in applicationRules)
        {
            //try and retrieve the specific form field value using the key
            string value = form[ar.Key];

            if (value == null)
                continue;

            //set the model value just in case there is an error
            //so we can show error messages on our form
            ModelState.SetModelValue(ar.Key, ValueProvider[ar.Key]);

            //if this rule is required
            if (ar.Required)
            {   //...then check if the field has a value
                if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
                {
                    ModelState.AddModelError(ar.Key, "Field is required");
                    continue;
                }
            }

            //if this rule has a validation format
            if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(ar.ValidationFormat))
            {   //...then check the value is of the correct format
                Regex re = new Regex(ar.ValidationFormat);

                if (!re.IsMatch(value))
                {
                    ModelState.AddModelError(ar.Key, ar.ValidationError);
                    continue;
                }
            }

            a.SetValue(ar.Key, value);
        }

        return ModelState.IsValid;
    }

回答4:

How dynamic are your field definitions? If they dont change very often you could use code dom to generate the model and controller once the definition is created. I have not tried this in ASP.NET MVC but it might be a good way.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/y2k85ax6.aspx

This article uses code dom for ActionLink generation.

http://blogs.msdn.com/davidebb/archive/2009/06/01/a-buildprovider-to-simplify-your-asp-net-mvc-action-links.aspx#comments

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1040509/advice-with-dynamic-forms-in-asp-net-mvc

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