问题
There are NoSQL ACID (distributed) databases, despite CAP theorem. How this is possible? What's the relation between CAP theorem and (possible/not possible of) being ACID?
Is impossible for a distributed computer system to simultaneously provide consistency, availability and partition tolerance.
回答1:
CAP theorem is actually a bit misleading. The fact you can have a CA design is nonsense because when a partition occurs you necessarily have a problem regarding consistency (data synchronization issue for example) or availability (latency). That's why there is a more accurate theorem stating that :
During a partition in a distributed system, you must chose between consistency and availability.
Still in practice it is not that simple. You should note that the choice between consistency and availability isn't binary. You can even have some degree of both. For example regarding ACID, you can have atomic and durable transactions with NoSQL, but forfeit a degree of isolation and consistency for better availability. Availability can then be assimilated to latency because your response time will depend on several factors (is the nearest server available ?).
So, to answer your question, this is usually marketing bullshit. You need to actually scratch the surface to see what the solution is exactly gaining and forfeiting.
If you want deeper explanations you can look here, here or here.
回答2:
The PACELC theorem extends CAP to talk about the tradeoffs even when partitions aren't happening. One of the exciting insights for distributed systems, is that they can be made partition tolerant without losing consistency, when consensus protocols such as RAFT or Paxos are used to create a transaction log. The Calvin protocol combines a RAFT log with deterministic transaction application.
FaunaDB implements Calvin, allowing it to maintain ACID transactions with strict-serializability, even during partitions or during replica failure, as long as a quorum of replicas is not partitioned.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16779348/does-the-cap-theorem-imply-that-acid-is-not-possible-for-distributed-databases