My goal is to provide a REST API to my web application. Using:
- Python 2.7.5
- Flask==0.10.1
- Flask-Restless==0.13.1
- Flask-Security==1.7.3
I need to secure access to my data for both web and REST access. However, I am unable to get any regular python request succeeding when trying to connect to secured API.
The following outputs are obtained using the fully-functional module provided at the end of this question.
I manage to get a correct answer when using http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/v1/free_stuff:
>>> import requests
>>> r=requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/v1/free_stuff')
>>> print 'status:', r.status_code
status: 200 # all is fine
When trying authentication with http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/v1/protected_stuff:
>>> from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth, HTTPDigestAuth
>>> r=requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/v1/protected_stuff',
auth=HTTPBasicAuth('test', 'test')) # the same with ``HTTPDigestAuth``
>>> print 'status:', r.status_code
status: 401
>>> r.json() # failed!
{u'message': u'401: Unauthorized'}
Here is a dummy functional module used to produce the above results:
from flask import Flask, render_template, url_for, redirect
from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask.ext.security import Security, SQLAlchemyUserDatastore, \
UserMixin, RoleMixin, login_required, current_user
from flask.ext.restless import APIManager
from flask.ext.restless import ProcessingException
# Create app
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['DEBUG'] = True
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'super-secret'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite://'
# Create database connection object
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
# Define Flask-security models
roles_users = db.Table('roles_users',
db.Column('user_id', db.Integer(), db.ForeignKey('user.id')),
db.Column('role_id', db.Integer(), db.ForeignKey('role.id')))
class Role(db.Model, RoleMixin):
id = db.Column(db.Integer(), primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True)
description = db.Column(db.String(255))
class User(db.Model, UserMixin):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(255), unique=True)
password = db.Column(db.String(255))
active = db.Column(db.Boolean())
confirmed_at = db.Column(db.DateTime())
roles = db.relationship('Role', secondary=roles_users,
backref=db.backref('users', lazy='dynamic'))
#Some additional stuff to query over...
class SomeStuff(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'somestuff'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
data1 = db.Column(db.Integer)
data2 = db.Column(db.String(10))
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), nullable=True)
user = db.relationship(User, lazy='joined', join_depth=1, viewonly=True)
# Setup Flask-Security
user_datastore = SQLAlchemyUserDatastore(db, User, Role)
security = Security(app, user_datastore)
# API
def auth_func(**kw):
#import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace()
if not current_user.is_authenticated():
raise ProcessingException(description='Not authenticated!',
code=401)
return True
apimanager = APIManager(app, flask_sqlalchemy_db=db)
apimanager.create_api(SomeStuff,
methods=['GET', 'POST', 'DELETE', 'PUT'],
url_prefix='/api/v1',
collection_name='free_stuff',
include_columns=['data1', 'data2', 'user_id'])
apimanager.create_api(SomeStuff,
methods=['GET', 'POST', 'DELETE', 'PUT'],
url_prefix='/api/v1',
preprocessors=dict(GET_SINGLE=[auth_func], GET_MANY=[auth_func]),
collection_name='protected_stuff',
include_columns=['data1', 'data2', 'user_id'])
# Create a user to test with
@app.before_first_request
def create_user():
db.create_all()
user_datastore.create_user(email='test', password='test')
user_datastore.create_user(email='test2', password='test2')
###
stuff = SomeStuff(data1=2, data2='toto', user_id=1)
db.session.add(stuff)
stuff = SomeStuff(data1=5, data2='titi', user_id=1)
db.session.add(stuff)
db.session.commit()
# Views
@app.route('/')
@login_required
def home():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/logout/')
def log_out():
logout_user()
return redirect(request.args.get('next') or '/')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
Any idea?
[edit] to be fully functional via web interface, you need to have a templates sub-folder having at least the following login.html file:
{% block body %}
<form action="" method=post class="form-horizontal">
<h2>Signin to FlaskLogin(Todo) Application </h2>
<div class="control-group">
<div class="controls">
<input type="text" id="username" name="username" class="input-xlarge"
placeholder="Enter Username" required>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<div class="controls">
<input type="password" id="password" name="password" class="input-xlarge"
placeholder="Enter Password" required>
</div>
</div>
<div class="control-group">
<div class="controls">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-success">Signin</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
{% endblock %}
I finally went to Flask-JWT (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Flask-JWT/0.1.0)
Here is my modified minimal example:
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, url_for, redirect
from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask.ext.security import Security, SQLAlchemyUserDatastore, \
UserMixin, RoleMixin, login_required, current_user, logout_user
from flask.ext.restless import APIManager
from flask.ext.restless import ProcessingException
from flask.ext.login import user_logged_in
# JWT imports
from datetime import timedelta
from flask_jwt import JWT, jwt_required
# Create app
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['DEBUG'] = True
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'super-secret'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite://'
# expiration delay for tokens (here is one minute)
app.config['JWT_EXPIRATION_DELTA'] = timedelta(seconds=60)
# Create database connection object
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
# creates the JWT Token authentication ======================================
jwt = JWT(app)
@jwt.authentication_handler
def authenticate(username, password):
user = user_datastore.find_user(email=username)
print '%s vs. %s' % (username, user.email)
if username == user.email and password == user.password:
return user
return None
@jwt.user_handler
def load_user(payload):
user = user_datastore.find_user(id=payload['user_id'])
return user
# Define Flask-security models ===============================================
roles_users = db.Table('roles_users',
db.Column('user_id', db.Integer(), db.ForeignKey('user.id')),
db.Column('role_id', db.Integer(), db.ForeignKey('role.id')))
class Role(db.Model, RoleMixin):
id = db.Column(db.Integer(), primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True)
description = db.Column(db.String(255))
class User(db.Model, UserMixin):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(255), unique=True)
password = db.Column(db.String(255))
active = db.Column(db.Boolean())
confirmed_at = db.Column(db.DateTime())
roles = db.relationship('Role', secondary=roles_users,
backref=db.backref('users', lazy='dynamic'))
#Some additional stuff to query over...
class SomeStuff(db.Model):
__tablename__ = 'somestuff'
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
data1 = db.Column(db.Integer)
data2 = db.Column(db.String(10))
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), nullable=True)
user = db.relationship(User, lazy='joined', join_depth=1, viewonly=True)
# Setup Flask-Security
user_datastore = SQLAlchemyUserDatastore(db, User, Role)
security = Security(app, user_datastore)
# Flask-Restless API ==========================================================
@jwt_required()
def auth_func(**kw):
return True
apimanager = APIManager(app, flask_sqlalchemy_db=db)
apimanager.create_api(SomeStuff,
methods=['GET', 'POST', 'DELETE', 'PUT'],
url_prefix='/api/v1',
collection_name='free_stuff',
include_columns=['data1', 'data2', 'user_id'])
apimanager.create_api(SomeStuff,
methods=['GET', 'POST', 'DELETE', 'PUT'],
url_prefix='/api/v1',
preprocessors=dict(GET_SINGLE=[auth_func], GET_MANY=[auth_func]),
collection_name='protected_stuff',
include_columns=['data1', 'data2', 'user_id'])
# Create some users to test with
@app.before_first_request
def create_user():
db.create_all()
user_datastore.create_user(email='test', password='test')
user_datastore.create_user(email='test2', password='test2')
###
stuff = SomeStuff(data1=2, data2='toto', user_id=1)
db.session.add(stuff)
stuff = SomeStuff(data1=5, data2='titi', user_id=1)
db.session.add(stuff)
db.session.commit()
# Views
@app.route('/')
@login_required
def home():
print(request.headers)
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/logout/')
def log_out():
logout_user()
return redirect(request.args.get('next') or '/')
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
Then, to interact with it via requests:
>>> import requests, json
>>> r=requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/v1/free_stuff') # this is OK
>>> print 'status:', r.status_code
status: 200
>>> r=requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/v1/protected_stuff') # this should fail
>>> print 'status:', r.status_code
status: 401
>>> print r.json()
{u'status_code': 401,
u'description': u'Authorization header was missing',
u'error': u'Authorization Required'}
>>> # Authenticate and retrieve Token
>>> r = requests.post('http://127.0.0.1:5000/auth',
...: data=json.dumps({'username': 'test', 'password': 'test'}),
...: headers={'content-type': 'application/json'}
...: )
>>> print 'status:', r.status_code
status: 200
>>> token = r.json()['token']
>>> # now we have the token, we can navigate to restricted area:
>>> r = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5000/api/v1/protected_stuff',
...: headers={'Authorization': 'Bearer %s' % token})
>>> print 'status:', r.status_code
status: 200
Your original query (of using python requests module) helped me get unstuck :) I did not do anything different.
I am not using Flask-Restless (yet)
FWIW - I was able to get the auth token using "just" Flask-Security (i.e. without having to use Flask-jwt)
See here for details
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24186694/combining-flask-restless-flask-security-and-regular-python-requests