MYSQL数据库基于MHA的高可用

戏子无情 提交于 2019-12-02 16:29:57

一、MHA 简介

MHA(Master High Availability)目前在 MySQL 高可用方面是一个相对成熟的解决方案,

是一套优秀的作为 MySQL 高可用性环境下故障切换和主从角色提升的高可用软件。在 MySQL 故障切换过程中,MHA 能做到在 0~30 秒之内自动完成数据库的主从故障切换操作,并且在进行故障切换的过程中,MHA 能在最大程度上保证数据的一致性,以达到真正意义上的高可用。

MHA 由两部分组成:MHA Manager(管理节点)和 MHA Node(数据节点)。MHA Manager可以单独部署在一台独立的机器上管理多个 master-slave 集群,也可以部署在一台 slave 节点上。MHA Node 运行在每台 MySQL 服务器及 Manager 服务器上,MHA Manager 会定时探测集群中的 master 节点,当 master 出现故障时,它可以自动将拥有最新数据的 slave 提升为新的 master,然后将所有其他的 slave 重新指向新提升的 master。整个故障转移过程对应用程序层面完全透明。

在 MHA 自动故障切换过程中,MHA 会试图从宕机的主服务器上保存二进制日志,最大程度的保证数据不丢失,但这种操作是有概率性的。MHA 可以与半同步复制结合起来。如果只有一个 slave 已经收到了最新的二进制日志,MHA 可以将最新的二进制日志应用于其他所有的slave 服务器上,因此可以保证所有节点的数据一致性。

目前 MHA 主要支持一主多从的架构,要搭建 MHA,要求一个复制集群中必须最少有三台数据库服务器,一主二从,即一台充当 master,一台充当备用 master,另外一台充当从库,因为至少需要三台服务器,出于机器成本的考虑,淘宝也在该基础上进行了改造,目前淘宝 TMHA 已经支持一主一从。

 

1、工作流程

  1. 从宕机崩溃的 master 上尝试保存二进制日志事件(binlog events);
  2. 识别含有最新更新的 slave 服务器;
  3. 应用差异的中继日志(relay log)到其他的 slave;
  4. 应用从 master 保存的二进制日志事件(binlog events);
  5. 提升一个 slave 为新的 master 服务器;
  6. 将其他的 slave 连接指向新的 master 进行主从复制

2、MHA 工具介绍

MHA 软件由两部分组成,Manager 工具包和 Node 工具包,具体的说明如下。

Manager 工具包主要包括以下几个工具:

  • masterha_check_ssh 检查 MHA 的 SSH 配置状况
  • masterha_check_repl 检查 MySQL 复制状况
  • masterha_manger 启动 MHA
  • masterha_check_status 检测当前 MHA 运行状态
  • masterha_master_monitor 检测 master 是否宕机
  • masterha_master_switch 控制故障转移(自动或者手动)
  • masterha_conf_host 添加或删除配置的 server 信息

Node 工具包(这些工具通常由 MHA Manager 的脚本触发,无需人为操作)主要包括以下几个工具:

  • save_binary_logs 保存和复制 master 的二进制日志
  • apply_diff_relay_logs 识别差异的中继日志事件并将其差异的事件应用于其他的slave
  • filter_mysqlbinlog 去除不必要的 ROLLBACK 事件(MHA 已不再使用这个工具)
  • purge_relay_logs 清除中继日志(不会阻塞 SQL 线程)

二、部署MHA

数据库           xshell          配置文件

1、环境:

master1 主机:

 hostname server01

 bash

master2 主机:

 hostname server02

 bash

slave1 主机:

 hostname server03

 bash

slave2 主机:

 hostname server04

 bash

manager 主机:

 hostname server05

 bash

所有主机

 vim /etc/hosts

192.168.200.111 server01

192.168.200.112 server02

192.168.200.113 server03

192.168.200.114 server04

192.168.200.115 server05

 systemctl stop iptables

 systemctl stop firewalld

 setenforce 0

2、安装MHA node

所有主机上传:

epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

mha4mysql-node-0.56.tar.gz

perl-Config-Tiny-2.14-7.el7.noarch.rpm

安装epel源

 rpm -ivh epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

 yum install -y perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 perl-DBI.x86_64 perl-CPAN perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker

安装MHA node

tar xf mha4mysql-node-0.56.tar.gz

cd mha4mysql-node-0.56/

perl Makefile.PL

make && make install

3、安装MHA Manger

server 05上传:

perl-Config-Tiny-2.14-7.el7.noarch.rpm

安装依赖包:

 yum install -y perl perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-DBD-MySQL perl-DBI perl-Time-HiRes

 yum -y install perl-Config-Tiny-2.14-7.el7.noarch.rpm

安装MHA Manger

 tar xf mha4mysql-manager-0.56.tar.gz

 cd mha4mysql-manager-0.56/

 perl Makefile.PL

 make && make install

4、配置ssh密钥对验证

server 01

 ssh-keygen -t rsa

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.112

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.113

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.114

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.115

server 02

 ssh-keygen -t rsa

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.111

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.113

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.114

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.115

server 03:

 ssh-keygen -t rsa

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.111

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.112

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.114

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.115

server 04:

 ssh-keygen -t rsa

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.111

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.112

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.113

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.115

server 05

 ssh-keygen -t rsa

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.111

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.112

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.113

 ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.200.114

注意:Server05 需要连接每个主机测试,因为第一次连接的时候需要输入 yes,影响后期故

障切换时,对于每个主机的 SSH 控制。

5、安装maria db

server1-4:

 yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server mariadb-devel

 systemctl start mariadb

 netstat -lnpt | grep :3306

 mysqladmin -u root password 123456      #后续操作中使用

6、搭建主从复制环境

server01:

 vim /etc/my.cnf

 [mysqld]

 server-id = 1

 log-bin=master-bin

 log-slave-updates=true

 relay_log_purge=0

 systemctl restart mariadb

 mysql -uroot -p123456

 grant all on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.200.%' identified by '123456';

 flush privileges;

 show master status;

 grant all  on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.200.%' identified by '123456';   #创建监控用户

 grant all  on *.* to 'root'@'server01' identified by '123456';  #为自己的主机名授权

 flush privileges;

server02:

 vim /etc/my.cnf

 [mysqld]

 server-id = 2

 log-bin=master-bin

 log-slave-updates=true

 relay_log_purge=0

 systemctl restart mariadb

 mysql -uroot -p123456

 stop slave;

 CHANGE MASTER TO

 MASTER_HOST='192.168.200.111',

 MASTER_USER='repl',

 MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',

 MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-bin.000001',

 MASTER_LOG_POS=986;

 start slave;

 show slave status\G

# 检查 IO 和 SQL 线程是否为:yes

 Slave_IO_Running: Yes

 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

 grant all  on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.200.%' identified by '123456';

 grant all  on *.* to 'root'@'server02' identified by '123456';

 flush privileges;

 mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'set global read_only=1'

server03:

 vim /etc/my.cnf

 [mysqld]

 server-id = 3

 log-bin=master-bin

 log-slave-updates=true

 relay_log_purge=0

 systemctl restart mariadb

 mysql -uroot -p123456

 stop slave;

 CHANGE MASTER TO

 MASTER_HOST='192.168.200.111',

 MASTER_USER='repl',

 MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',

 MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-bin.000001',

 MASTER_LOG_POS=474;

 start slave;

 show slave status\G

# 检查 IO 和 SQL 线程是否为:yes

 Slave_IO_Running: Yes

 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

 grant all  on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.200.%' identified by '123456';

 grant all  on *.* to 'root'@'server03' identified by '123456';

 flush privileges;

 mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'set global read_only=1'

server04:

 vim /etc/my.cnf

 [mysqld]

 server-id = 4

 log-bin=master-bin

 log-slave-updates=true

 relay_log_purge=0

 systemctl restart mariadb

 mysql -uroot -p123456

 stop slave;

 CHANGE MASTER TO

 MASTER_HOST='192.168.200.111',

 MASTER_USER='repl',

 MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',

 MASTER_LOG_FILE='master-bin.000001',

 MASTER_LOG_POS=474;

 start slave;

 show slave status\G

# 检查 IO 和 SQL 线程是否为:yes

 Slave_IO_Running: Yes

 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

 grant all  on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.200.%' identified by '123456';

 grant all  on *.* to 'root'@'server04' identified by '123456';

 flush privileges;

 mysql -uroot -p123456 -e 'set global read_only=1'

7、配置MHA环境

server 05

 mkdir /etc/masterha

 cp /root/mha4mysql-manager-0.56/samples/conf/app1.cnf /etc/masterha

修改app1.cnf:

 vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf

[server default]

#设置 manager 的工作日志

manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1

#设置 manager 的日志,这两条都是默认存在的

manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log

#设置 master 默认保存 binlog 的位置,以便 MHA 可以找到 master 日志

master_binlog_dir=/var/lib/mysql

#设置自动 failover 时候的切换脚本

master_ip_failover_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover

#设置 mysql 中 root 用户的密码

password=123456

user=root

#ping 包的时间间隔

ping_interval=1

#设置远端 mysql 在发生切换时保存 binlog 的具体位置

remote_workdir=/tmp

#设置复制用户的密码和用户名

repl_password=123456

repl_user=repl

[server1]

hostname=server01

port=3306

[server2]

hostname=server02

candidate_master=1

port=3306

check_repl_delay=0

[server3]

hostname=server03

port=3306

[server4]

hostname=server04

port=3306

配置故障转移脚本

注意:脚本需要根据自己环境修改 ip 和网卡名称等

 vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;

use warnings FATAL => 'all';

use Getopt::Long;

my (

$command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,

$orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port,

);

my $vip = '192.168.200.100';           # 写入VIP

my $key = "1"; #非keepalived方式切换脚本使用的

my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens32:$key $vip";

my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens32:$key down"; #那么这里写服务的开关命令

$ssh_user = "root";

GetOptions(

'command=s' => \$command,

'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user,

'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,

'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip,

'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,

'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host,

'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip,

'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port,

);

exit &main();

sub main {

print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";

if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {

# $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port are passed.

# If you manage master ip address at global catalog database,

# invalidate orig_master_ip here.

my $exit_code = 1;

#eval {

# print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";

# &stop_vip();

# $exit_code = 0;

#};

eval {

print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";

#my $ping=`ping -c 1 10.0.0.13 | grep "packet loss" | awk -F',' '{print $3}' | awk '{print $1}'`;

#if ( $ping le "90.0%"&& $ping gt "0.0%" ){

#$exit_code = 0;

#}

#else {

&stop_vip();

# updating global catalog, etc

$exit_code = 0;

#}

};

if ($@) {

warn "Got Error: $@\n";

exit $exit_code;

}

exit $exit_code;

}

elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {

# all arguments are passed.

# If you manage master ip address at global catalog database,

# activate new_master_ip here.

# You can also grant write access (create user, set read_only=0, etc) here.

my $exit_code = 10;

eval {

print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";

&start_vip();

$exit_code = 0;

};

if ($@) {

warn $@;

exit $exit_code;

}

exit $exit_code;

}

elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {

print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";

`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_ip \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;

exit 0;

}

else {

&usage();

exit 1;

}

}

# A simple system call that enable the VIP on the new master

sub start_vip() {

`ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;

}

# A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master

sub stop_vip() {

`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;

}

sub usage {

print

"Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --

new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n"; }

 chmod +x /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover

检查 MHA ssh 通信状态

 masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf

-----------------------------------忽略部分信息----------------------------------

Sat Dec 29 16:04:02 2018 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.

检查整个集群的状态 

 masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf

-----------------------------------忽略部分信息-----------------------------------

Thu Aug 31 22:20:30 2017 - [info] Alive Servers:

Thu Aug 31 22:20:30 2017 - [info] server01(192.168.200.111:3306)

Thu Aug 31 22:20:30 2017 - [info] server02(192.168.200.112:3306)

Thu Aug 31 22:20:30 2017 - [info] server03(192.168.200.113:3306)

Thu Aug 31 22:20:30 2017 - [info] server04(192.168.200.114:3306)

-----------------------------------忽略部分信息-----------------------------------

server02 (current master)

+--server01

+--server03

+--server04

-----------------------------------忽略部分信息-----------------------------------

MySQL Replication Health is OK.

8、VIP 配置管理

开启 manager 监控

 nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover< /dev/null >/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &

检查 manager 状态

masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf

app1 (pid:65837) is running(0:PING_OK), master:server01

如果正常会显示"PING_OK",否则会显示"NOT_RUNNING",代表 MHA 监控没有开启。

查看启动日志

 cat /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log

-----------------------------------忽略部分信息----------------------------------

Sat Dec 29 16:09:51 2018 - [info] Alive Servers:

Sat Dec 29 16:09:51 2018 - [info] server01(192.168.200.111:3306)

Sat Dec 29 16:09:51 2018 - [info] server02(192.168.200.112:3306)

Sat Dec 29 16:09:51 2018 - [info] server03(192.168.200.113:3306)

Sat Dec 29 16:09:51 2018 - [info] server04(192.168.200.114:3306)

-----------------------------------忽略部分信息----------------------------------

server01 (current master)

+--server02

+--server03

+--server04

-----------------------------------忽略部分信息----------------------------------

Thu Aug 31 21:55:23 2017 - [info] Ping(SELECT) succeeded, waiting until MySQL doesn't

respond..

注意:其中"Ping(SELECT) succeeded, waiting until MySQL doesn't respond.."说明整个系统已经

开始监控了。

server01

 ip a | grep ens32

2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group

default qlen 1000

 inet 192.168.200.111/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global ens32

 inet 192.168.200.100/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global secondary ens32:1

9、测试

模拟主库故障:

 systemctl stop mariadb

 netstat -lnpt | grep :3306

 ip a | grep ens32

2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group

default qlen 1000

inet 192.168.200.111/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global ens32

server02:

 ip a | grep ens32

2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group

default qlen 1000

 inet 192.168.200.111/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global ens32

 inet 192.168.200.100/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global secondary ens32:1

server03状态:

 show slave status\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

 Master_Host: 192.168.200.112

 Master_User: repl

server04状态:

 show slave status\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

 Master_Host: 192.168.200.112

 Master_User: rep

server05:

 jobs

[1]+ 完成 nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf

--remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null >

/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1

10、故障主库修复及 VIP 切回测试

server01:

 systemctl start mariadb

 mysql -u root -p123456

 stop slave;

 CHANGE MASTER TO

 MASTER_HOST='192.168.200.112',

 MASTER_USER='repl',

 MASTER_PASSWORD='123456';

 start slave;

 show slave status\G

server05

 vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf

[server01]

hostname=server01

port=3306

masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf

-----------------------------------忽略部分信息-----------------------------------

Thu Aug 31 22:20:30 2017 - [info] Alive Servers:

Thu Aug 31 22:20:30 2017 - [info] server01(192.168.200.111:3306)

Thu Aug 31 22:20:30 2017 - [info] server02(192.168.200.112:3306)

Thu Aug 31 22:20:30 2017 - [info] server03(192.168.200.113:3306)

Thu Aug 31 22:20:30 2017 - [info] server04(192.168.200.114:3306)

-----------------------------------忽略部分信息-----------------------------------

server02 (current master)

+--server01

+--server03

+--server04

-----------------------------------忽略部分信息-----------------------------------

MySQL Replication Health is OK.

 nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover< /dev/null >/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &

server02:关闭现有主库 mysql

 ip a | grep ens32

2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group

default qlen 1000

 inet 192.168.200.112/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global ens32

 inet 192.168.200.100/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global secondary ens32:1

 systemctl stop mariadb

 netstat -lnpt | grep :3306

server01:

 ip a | grep ens32

2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group

default qlen 1000

 inet 192.168.200.111/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global ens32

 inet 192.168.200.100/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global secondary ens32:1

server03状态:

 show slave status\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

 Master_Host: 192.168.200.112

 Master_User: repl

server04状态:

 show slave status\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

 Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

 Master_Host: 192.168.200.112

 Master_User: rep

server02: 

 systemctl start mariadb

 mysql -u root -p123456

 stop slave;

 CHANGE MASTER TO

 MASTER_HOST='192.168.200.111',

 MASTER_USER='repl',

 MASTER_PASSWORD='123456';

 start slave;

 show slave status\G

 show slave status\G

server05: 

 vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf

[server2]

hostname=server02

candidate_master=1

port=3306

 masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf

server01 (current master)

+--server02

+--server03

+--server04

-----------------------------------忽略部分信息-----------------------------------

MySQL Replication Health is OK.

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