I am trying to perform conversion from a lowercase to uppercase on a string without using any inbuilt functions (other than ord() and char()). Following the logic presented on a different thread here , I came up with this.
def uppercase(str_data):
ord('str_data')
str_data = str_data -32
chr('str_data')
return str_data
print(uppercase('abcd'))
However I am getting an error output: TypeError: ord() expected a character, but string of length 8 found.What am I missing here?
You need to execute ord() for each character of your input string. instead of the input string:
def uppercase(str_data):
return ''.join([chr(ord(char) - 32) for char in str_data if ord(char) >= 65])
print(uppercase('abcdé--#'))
>>> ABCDÉ
Without join:
def uppercase(str_data):
result = ''
for char in str_data:
if ord(char) >= 65:
result += chr(ord(char) - 32)
return result
print(uppercase('abcdé--#λ'))
>>> ABCDÉΛ
The best way, in my opinion is using a helper string, representing the alphabet, if you do not want to use chr()
and ord()
:
def toUppercase(s):
alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
result = ''
for x in s:
if x not in alphabet or alphabet.index(x)>=26:
result += x
else:
result += alphabet[alphabet.index(x)+26]
return result
This also handles punctuation such as ;
or .
.
Update:
As per the OP's request, this is a version without index()
:
def toUppercase(s):
alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
result = ''
for x in s:
for pos in range(52):
if alphabet[pos] == x:
i = pos
if x not in alphabet or i>=26:
result += x
else:
result += alphabet[i+26]
return result
print(toUppercase('abcdj;shjgh'))
Program to convert
the string to uppercase without using inbuilt
function
Str1=input("Enter the string to be converted uppercase: ")
for i in range (0,len(Str1)):
x=ord(Str1[i])
if x>=97 and x<=122:
x=x-32
y=chr(x)
print(y,end="")
ord()- Return the Unicode code point for a one-character string.
You have to send a one character string as an argument. Here, you are sending the string 'abcd' which has 4 characters which is causing the issue. Send each character separately to the function and thus do 4 calls to the function to get the result.
The below-simplified code help to convert Lower-case alphabets to Upper-case alphabets using a simple calculation
code :
def toUppercase(string):
convertedCharacter = ''
for i in string:
convertCharacter += chr( ( (ord(i)) -32) )
return convertCharacter
来源:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43557929/conversion-of-string-to-upper-case-without-inbuilt-methods