问题
I am developing an app for memorizing text using PyQt4. I want to show all the words in bubbles so that you see how long the word is. But when I have all the bubbles in my QScrollArea, they are aligned one under the other. I would like to have them aligned side-by-side, but with word-wrap.
I got the bubbles to work using a QLabel with rounded borders. But now that I have the words in QLabel's, PyQt doesn't consider them as words - but as widgets. So PyQt puts one widget under the other. I would like the widgets to be aligned side-by-side until they reach the end of the line, and then they should wrap around to the next line - meaning the QLabel's should act like words in a text document.
Here is my code so far:
f = open(r'myFile.txt')
class Bubble(QtGui.QLabel):
def __init__(self, text):
super(Bubble, self).__init__(text)
self.word = text
self.setContentsMargins(5, 5, 5, 5)
def paintEvent(self, e):
p = QtGui.QPainter(self)
p.setRenderHint(QtGui.QPainter.Antialiasing,True)
p.drawRoundedRect(0,0,self.width()-1,self.height()-1,5,5)
super(Bubble, self).paintEvent(e)
class MainWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, text, parent=None):
QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self, parent)
self.setupUi(self)
self.MainArea = QtGui.QScrollArea
self.widget = QtGui.QWidget()
vbox = QtGui.QVBoxLayout()
self.words = []
for t in re.findall(r'\b\w+\b', text):
label = Bubble(t)
label.setFont(QtGui.QFont('SblHebrew', 18))
label.setFixedWidth(label.sizeHint().width())
self.words.append(label)
vbox.addWidget(label)
self.widget.setLayout(vbox)
self.MainArea.setWidget(self.widget)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
myWindow = MainWindow(f.read(), None)
myWindow.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
When I run this I get:
But I would like the words (the Qlabel's containing the words) to be next to each other, not under each other, like this (photoshopped):
I've been doing a lot of research, but no answers help me align the widgets next to each other.
回答1:
I thought it might be possible to use html in a QTextBrowser widget for this, but Qt's rich-text engine doesn't support the border-radius CSS property which would be needed for the bubble labels.
So it looks like you need a PyQt port of the Flow Layout example. This can "word-wrap" a collection of widgets inside a container, and also allows the margins and horizontal/vertical spacing to be adjusted.
Here is a demo script that implements the FlowLayout class and shows how to use it with your example:
import sys
from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
class FlowLayout(QtGui.QLayout):
def __init__(self, parent=None, margin=-1, hspacing=-1, vspacing=-1):
super(FlowLayout, self).__init__(parent)
self._hspacing = hspacing
self._vspacing = vspacing
self._items = []
self.setContentsMargins(margin, margin, margin, margin)
def __del__(self):
del self._items[:]
def addItem(self, item):
self._items.append(item)
def horizontalSpacing(self):
if self._hspacing >= 0:
return self._hspacing
else:
return self.smartSpacing(
QtGui.QStyle.PM_LayoutHorizontalSpacing)
def verticalSpacing(self):
if self._vspacing >= 0:
return self._vspacing
else:
return self.smartSpacing(
QtGui.QStyle.PM_LayoutVerticalSpacing)
def count(self):
return len(self._items)
def itemAt(self, index):
if 0 <= index < len(self._items):
return self._items[index]
def takeAt(self, index):
if 0 <= index < len(self._items):
return self._items.pop(index)
def expandingDirections(self):
return QtCore.Qt.Orientations(0)
def hasHeightForWidth(self):
return True
def heightForWidth(self, width):
return self.doLayout(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, width, 0), True)
def setGeometry(self, rect):
super(FlowLayout, self).setGeometry(rect)
self.doLayout(rect, False)
def sizeHint(self):
return self.minimumSize()
def minimumSize(self):
size = QtCore.QSize()
for item in self._items:
size = size.expandedTo(item.minimumSize())
left, top, right, bottom = self.getContentsMargins()
size += QtCore.QSize(left + right, top + bottom)
return size
def doLayout(self, rect, testonly):
left, top, right, bottom = self.getContentsMargins()
effective = rect.adjusted(+left, +top, -right, -bottom)
x = effective.x()
y = effective.y()
lineheight = 0
for item in self._items:
widget = item.widget()
hspace = self.horizontalSpacing()
if hspace == -1:
hspace = widget.style().layoutSpacing(
QtGui.QSizePolicy.PushButton,
QtGui.QSizePolicy.PushButton, QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
vspace = self.verticalSpacing()
if vspace == -1:
vspace = widget.style().layoutSpacing(
QtGui.QSizePolicy.PushButton,
QtGui.QSizePolicy.PushButton, QtCore.Qt.Vertical)
nextX = x + item.sizeHint().width() + hspace
if nextX - hspace > effective.right() and lineheight > 0:
x = effective.x()
y = y + lineheight + vspace
nextX = x + item.sizeHint().width() + hspace
lineheight = 0
if not testonly:
item.setGeometry(
QtCore.QRect(QtCore.QPoint(x, y), item.sizeHint()))
x = nextX
lineheight = max(lineheight, item.sizeHint().height())
return y + lineheight - rect.y() + bottom
def smartSpacing(self, pm):
parent = self.parent()
if parent is None:
return -1
elif parent.isWidgetType():
return parent.style().pixelMetric(pm, None, parent)
else:
return parent.spacing()
class Bubble(QtGui.QLabel):
def __init__(self, text):
super(Bubble, self).__init__(text)
self.word = text
self.setContentsMargins(5, 5, 5, 5)
def paintEvent(self, event):
painter = QtGui.QPainter(self)
painter.setRenderHint(QtGui.QPainter.Antialiasing, True)
painter.drawRoundedRect(
0, 0, self.width() - 1, self.height() - 1, 5, 5)
super(Bubble, self).paintEvent(event)
class MainWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, text, parent=None):
super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
self.mainArea = QtGui.QScrollArea(self)
self.mainArea.setWidgetResizable(True)
widget = QtGui.QWidget(self.mainArea)
widget.setMinimumWidth(50)
layout = FlowLayout(widget)
self.words = []
for word in text.split():
label = Bubble(word)
label.setFont(QtGui.QFont('SblHebrew', 18))
label.setFixedWidth(label.sizeHint().width())
self.words.append(label)
layout.addWidget(label)
self.mainArea.setWidget(widget)
self.setCentralWidget(self.mainArea)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
window = MainWindow('Harry Potter is a series of fantasy literature')
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
回答2:
Here's a PyQt5 version of the Flow Layout demo script:
import sys
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class FlowLayout(QtWidgets.QLayout):
def __init__(self, parent=None, margin=-1, hspacing=-1, vspacing=-1):
super(FlowLayout, self).__init__(parent)
self._hspacing = hspacing
self._vspacing = vspacing
self._items = []
self.setContentsMargins(margin, margin, margin, margin)
def __del__(self):
del self._items[:]
def addItem(self, item):
self._items.append(item)
def horizontalSpacing(self):
if self._hspacing >= 0:
return self._hspacing
else:
return self.smartSpacing(
QtWidgets.QStyle.PM_LayoutHorizontalSpacing)
def verticalSpacing(self):
if self._vspacing >= 0:
return self._vspacing
else:
return self.smartSpacing(
QtWidgets.QStyle.PM_LayoutVerticalSpacing)
def count(self):
return len(self._items)
def itemAt(self, index):
if 0 <= index < len(self._items):
return self._items[index]
def takeAt(self, index):
if 0 <= index < len(self._items):
return self._items.pop(index)
def expandingDirections(self):
return QtCore.Qt.Orientations(0)
def hasHeightForWidth(self):
return True
def heightForWidth(self, width):
return self.doLayout(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, width, 0), True)
def setGeometry(self, rect):
super(FlowLayout, self).setGeometry(rect)
self.doLayout(rect, False)
def sizeHint(self):
return self.minimumSize()
def minimumSize(self):
size = QtCore.QSize()
for item in self._items:
size = size.expandedTo(item.minimumSize())
left, top, right, bottom = self.getContentsMargins()
size += QtCore.QSize(left + right, top + bottom)
return size
def doLayout(self, rect, testonly):
left, top, right, bottom = self.getContentsMargins()
effective = rect.adjusted(+left, +top, -right, -bottom)
x = effective.x()
y = effective.y()
lineheight = 0
for item in self._items:
widget = item.widget()
hspace = self.horizontalSpacing()
if hspace == -1:
hspace = widget.style().layoutSpacing(
QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.PushButton,
QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.PushButton, QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
vspace = self.verticalSpacing()
if vspace == -1:
vspace = widget.style().layoutSpacing(
QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.PushButton,
QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.PushButton, QtCore.Qt.Vertical)
nextX = x + item.sizeHint().width() + hspace
if nextX - hspace > effective.right() and lineheight > 0:
x = effective.x()
y = y + lineheight + vspace
nextX = x + item.sizeHint().width() + hspace
lineheight = 0
if not testonly:
item.setGeometry(
QtCore.QRect(QtCore.QPoint(x, y), item.sizeHint()))
x = nextX
lineheight = max(lineheight, item.sizeHint().height())
return y + lineheight - rect.y() + bottom
def smartSpacing(self, pm):
parent = self.parent()
if parent is None:
return -1
elif parent.isWidgetType():
return parent.style().pixelMetric(pm, None, parent)
else:
return parent.spacing()
class Bubble(QtWidgets.QLabel):
def __init__(self, text):
super(Bubble, self).__init__(text)
self.word = text
self.setContentsMargins(5, 5, 5, 5)
def paintEvent(self, event):
painter = QtGui.QPainter(self)
painter.setRenderHint(QtGui.QPainter.Antialiasing, True)
painter.drawRoundedRect(
0, 0, self.width() - 1, self.height() - 1, 5, 5)
super(Bubble, self).paintEvent(event)
class MainWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self, text, parent=None):
super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
self.mainArea = QtWidgets.QScrollArea(self)
self.mainArea.setWidgetResizable(True)
widget = QtWidgets.QWidget(self.mainArea)
widget.setMinimumWidth(50)
layout = FlowLayout(widget)
self.words = []
for word in text.split():
label = Bubble(word)
label.setFont(QtGui.QFont('SblHebrew', 18))
label.setFixedWidth(label.sizeHint().width())
self.words.append(label)
layout.addWidget(label)
self.mainArea.setWidget(widget)
self.setCentralWidget(self.mainArea)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
window = MainWindow('Harry Potter is a series of fantasy literature')
window.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41621354/pyqt-wrap-around-layout-of-widgets-inside-a-qscrollarea