Why doesn't toString throw an exception when called on null value in Kotlin? [duplicate]

Question

This question already has an answer here:

• Why do unsafe .run() call works fine on a null value in Kotlin? 3 answers

Given the code

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val someText: String? = null
    println(someText.toString())
}

When run, output is

null

Two questions appear:

• is that possible to implement custom null-safe method with fallback to some default code (like, I think, toString does)
• why no exception is thrown?

Answer 1

From the docs:

fun Any?.toString(): String

Returns a string representation of the object. Can be called with a null receiver, in which case it returns the string "null".

You can achieve similar behaviour by writing an extension function. For example:

fun Any?.foo() = println(this ?: "Sadly, this is null")

fun main(args: Array<String>) {
    val x: Int? = null
    val y: Int? = 3

    x.foo()       // "Sadly, this is null"
    y.foo()       // "3"
    null.foo()    // "Sadly, this is null"
}

_{Live example.}